Evolution of Technology Essay

â€Å"Men are only so good as their technical developments allows them to be† (Orwell 56). When the technology boom occurred in the 1990s and beyond, a typical student’s backpack would consist of a boondoggle, leather-bound planner, pager, cassette player, 3. 5 inch floppy disk, and a hardcover textbook. Time advanced, and eventually made its way into the 2000s, when then a backpack would hold a keychain game, CD player, soft cover textbook with a CD-ROM, and a box-shaped cell phone. Technology continued to grow into the next decade with backpacks full of smart phones, laptops, graphic calculators, receipts for online textbook purchases, MP3 players, a backup charger, and a 4GB flash drive attached to the bag’s zipper. Evolution of technology has come into major play, and has begun to conquer today’s society with one discovery at a time. For example, as assembly lines become familiar to many, technology advancements closely follow. While hundreds of employees used to manually run a factory, the majority of the hard work is now done by machines, also known as artificial labor. This change has affected business owners positively, thus allowing for new positions to help run the technology and to ensure all is running well. After such advancements were formed in our society, hundreds to thousands of new companies and manufacturing plants have been built, resulting in a major increase of available jobs to the middle class, which currently, the majority of United States citizens currently occupy. Recently, IBM teamed up with Corporate Service Corps (CSC) in order to send 30 volunteers out into different countries to work on technology-related assistance, such as distance learning programs, and upgraded laser eye treatments. The fact that advanced technology can help to save millions of lives has been one of the biggest reasons for such a large demand. IBM plan to take on several projects in different countries such as India, Brazil, China, Egypt, Ghana, and more. A total of 12 teams will go into each of those countries and successfully complete the projects for better technology-based education and eye treatments, which will cost approximately $250,000 each, all paid for by IBM. The overall project has not only opened up new opportunities for those willing to add this adventurous project to their resume, but it’s also reaching out to communities in dire need, something that the latest technology has allowed to be done. Furthermore, technology has been able to expedite the process of sending aid to places I need more quickly and efficiently with the release of new features to currently existing pieces of technology, as well as software applications. Renowned author Sarah Murray explains, â€Å"When a huge earthquake hit Haiti in 2010, the addition of Haitian Creole – spoken by 8m people in that country – to Microsoft’s online translation engine, which was achieved in just five days, helped humanitarian workers who needed to be able to translate quickly. Something as simple as an online translation system, a piece of virtual technology, was able to help save thousands to millions of lives in Haiti. One of the biggest issues in aid relief is the language and unfamiliar surrounding barrier, which Microsoft has been able to defeat with the use of several applications. The company has been closely working with skilled programmers to create certain software which allow for a variety of functions, such as Twisted Pair Wave software, which allows humanitarian professionals to keep in contact with one another from any device by keeping connected to one specific network. Relief workers can then locate others in the area by sending a ping signal to the network, which helps when in an entirely new environment and unsure of the native language. Technology continues to save the lives of many, by creating jobs that allow people to continue and support their family, as well as being able to provide support for those in a life-or-death situation when it comes down to the essentials such as food, water, and housing. Some fortunate people fail to realize how difficult it really is to obtain such aid. While technology has helped to eradicate useless jobs and help to decrease labor costs, it has resulted in the creation new useful jobs, such as manufacturing the actual technology to be used in a computer, and a computer specialist field that help to put the newly-made computers to use. Thus, if a job is able to be taken over by a machine that is incapable of independent thought, the job may be less suitable for a human being. While ATMs have replaced bank-tellers, we now have newly found jobs which focus on repairing, and manufacturing the ATM machines; it works like a two-edged sword.

Case Starbucks Essay

a. Assuming that Starbucks had no significant permanent differences between book income and taxable income, did income before taxes for financial reporting exceed or fall short of taxable income for 2012? Explain. Taxable income before income tax is $2,059 million, and taxable income should minus $674.4 million. So income before taxes exceeds taxable income. b. Will the adjustment to net income for deferred taxes to compute cash flow from operations in the statement of cash flows result in an addition or subtraction for 2012? There will be a subtraction from net income for deferred taxes to compute cash flow. c. Starbucks rents retail space for its coffee shops. It must recognize rent expense as it uses rental facilities but cannot claim an income tax deduction until it pays cash to the landlord. Suggest the scenario that would give rise to a deferred tax asset instead of a deferred tax liability related to occupancy cost – Accrued Occupancy Cost. No lease payment in the begin ning of the rent. As a result, the company recognizes rent expense earlier for financial reporting than for income tax reporting in order for Starbucks to report deferred tax assets. d. Starbucks recognizes an expense related to retirement benefits as employees rendered services but cannot claim an income tax deduction until it pays cash to a retirement fund. Why do the deferred taxes for deferred compensation appear as a deferred tax asset – Accrued Compensation and Related Costs? Suggest possible reasons why the deferred tax asset decreased slightly between the end of 2011 and the end of 2012. Company can contribute cash to a retirement fund in later years, it can claim an income tax deduction. The decreasing amount of the deferred tax asset in could be. Starbucks reports deferred revenue for sales of stored value cards, such as the Starbucks Card and gift certificates. These amounts are taxed when collected, but not recognized in financial reporting income until tendered at a store. Why does the tax effect of deferred revenue appear as a deferred tax asset? Why might the value of this deferred tax asset doubled from 2011 to 2012? Because they recognize revenue even they didn’t get the cash. So the tax can be deferred until they get the cash. g. Starbucks recognizes a valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets to reflect â€Å"net operating losses of consolidated  foreign subsidiaries.† Presumably, these are included in â€Å"Other† deferred tax assets. Why might the valuation allowance have financial increase between 2011 and 2012?(no idea) h. Starbucks uses the straight-line depreciation method for financial reporting and accelerated depreciation for income tax reporting. Like most firms, the largest deferred tax liability is for property plant and equipment (depreciation). Explain how depreciation leads to a deferred tax liability. Suggest possible reasons why the amount of the deferred tax liability related to depreciation increased between 2011 and 2012. Starbucks uses different depreciation method for financial reporting and income tax reporting. So the taxable income on financial statements may lower than on income tax reporting. The difference between is deferred tax liability. The accelerate depreciation calculate more with the time, so the amount may increased during 2011 to 2012.

Me Imperturbe- Walt Whitman Essay

The word imperturbe means care-free. The title of the poem, Me Imperturbe, means I am carefree. The poem starts off with Walt standing out in nature. As Walt stands out in nature he feels as if he is the master of everything and still has confidence even as the world is in turmoil. These things inspire him to find peace, the will to do things, and silence. When he is out in Nature, things such as â€Å"occupation, poverty, notoriety, foibles, crimes† (line 4) are not as important as they are made out to be. Walt wants to be on a permanent vacation, â€Å"Me toward the Mexican sea, or in the Mannahatta or the Tennessee†( line 6) are some of the places that he wants to be. If he wanted to become â€Å"A river man, or a man of the woods or any farm-life of these† (line 8) then he would do it. He could live in the â€Å"States or of the coast, or the lakes or Kanada† (line 9). Walt is saying that wherever he lives, he always has a backup plan and is going to t ake things as they come. In this poem, Walt wants to live prehistoric out in nature and feels as if this is the best way to do it. He wants to live his life the way he wants to live it and not follow society’s way of how someone is supposed to live. This makes sense coming from Whitman, because he is sort of rebellious in the way he does things and writes poetry. People are always worried about their job, or their fame, hardships in someone’s life is not as important as they are made out to be. Whitman is saying that we cannot simply follow the rules to enjoy life. Sometimes, one has to do things to make themselves happy. No matter how famous or rich someone is, if they do not enjoy what they are doing then there is not a driving force in living. Overall, Walt is saying that if it is not something one enjoys, then do not do it. Do what is going to bring one the most happiness. Me imperturbe has no consistent rhyme scheme or meter, so this poem is written in free verse. This poem’s main theme is to live your life the way you want it to be lived, and how you are living is always changing. With the application of free verse, it follows the poems main theme. Whitman uses repetition in this poem as well. The word â€Å"Me† is used at the beginning of lines 1, 6, and 10; which indicates that he is doing what brings him happiness. Also, throughout this poem, Whitman uses Cadence. While reading this poem, the reader feels as if Whitman is speaking directly to them, for example â€Å"O to be self-balanced for contingencies† (line 10). The letter â€Å"O† indicates that Whitman is speaking to the reader. Whitman also incorporates catalog. For example, â€Å"Finding my occupation, poverty, notoriety, foibles, crimes† (line 4). It is also used to conclude the poem, â€Å"To confront night, storms, hunger, ridicule, accidents, rebuffs† (line 12). Whitman uses diction to get his point across. He applies a lot of descriptive words to describe his love of freedom as opposed to conformity. Words such as â€Å"passive, receptive† (line 3) imply that being free is peaceful and things such as ones job, financial situation, or problems are less important than being free.

Challenges of Incorporate Gen Y into the Workplace Essay

Challenges of Incorporate Gen Y into the Workplace - Essay Example Despite this, it is evident that the same generation counterbalances these negative traits by working well with specific managers aiming at meeting the corporate visions and values in addition to portraying their hard work to their employer in exchange for not only immediate reward, but also recognition (Alexander & Sysko, 2013). Alexander and Sysko claim that Millenials regard technology as their â€Å"sixth sense†. Thus, it is evident that this generation must incorporate technology into every aspect of their life. It is their extensive use of the technology that distinguishes them from other generations (Alexander & Sysko, 2013). Alexander and Sysko (2013) claim that the incorporation of the Millenial employees with other generations is often associated with confrontation from the Millenial employees. The Millenial employees often have ambiguous attitudes as well as conflicting behaviors (Alexander & Sysko, 2013). Millenials also carry their unique attitude and behavior to institutions. In tandem with this assertion, Alexander and Sysko (2013) argue that many Millenials portray not only a lack of drive and motivation, but also accountability in academia. They claim that the majority of the Millenials have the mindset of just showing up. Additionally, Alexander and Sysko (2013) claim that Millenials have an alarming attitude; being there to be entertained. The most disturbing element of the Millenials, however, is their lack of concern for the accuracy as well as the validity of the sources they use in carrying out their research. In other words, Millenials often portray unoriginality in everything they do (A lexander & Sysko, 2013). It is as a result of these qualities that it becomes very hard to mix Generation Y with other generations in a working environment. The attitude and behavior portrayed by the Millenials is as a result of their mindset. According to Alexander and

Environment and globalization critical analysis Essay

Environment and globalization critical analysis - Essay Example The increased reliance on fossil fuel energies and lack of alternate energy resources to maintain a safe and environment friendly lifestyle is a direct by-product of modern political marketing and globalization process. This political and industrial energy tug has caused massive pollution around the globe, which has contaminated natural water resources and made the land infertile due to landfills. Oil spills and chemical waste in the sea water killed thousands of marine species; deforestation caused soil erosion and lack of oxygen production, which consequently increased carbon dioxide level in the air (Anon, 2014). Hence, if telemarketing had stopped generating needs in the consumer of twentieth century than an average individual could have restricted his needs and could incorporate eco-friendly lifestyle for the preservation of Earth’s natural environment. However, if natural resources are not maintained or regenerated (plantation) by each individual than this environmental crises will not decrease instead it will take a drastic turn. Moreover, global awareness and action plans can only decrease the intensity of damage, which has been caused by Earth’s habitants. A new eco-friendly life style needs to be adapted along with regeneration and protection of natural resources. This only can assure some progress in alarmingly falling environmental global crises. In the same context, Dauverge aptly described that the escalation in environmental crises is mainly due to unsustainable consumption of 6.8 billion people around the globe.

Medical Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medical Technologies - Essay Example Also, the operator or the clinician is in a position to choose which sections to operate like the brain or even any other part of the body (Seeram 4). This type of scanner has various impacts on both the clinicians and the hospitals. To start with, the clinician can get better and accurate details. Secondly, it is quick as compared to magnetic resonance imaging as it takes less time; hence saving on time. Further, it exposes clinicians to the risk of high dosages of radiation when treating the patients. Additionally, the hospitals have to invest heavily in human capital development due to the changing trends in technology to ensure that their staff operates these machines in the right way. This is a scanning procedure that uses strong magnets and radio-frequency pulses to generate signals from the body (Partain 2). The greatest advantage of using this method is that it does not use radiation, hence, favoring both the clinician and the patients. The method also has a long term effect provided all the safety precautions are followed in the right way. All clinicians are supposed to follow the required instructions when operating this machine. Additionally, it makes the works of the clinicians easier as the machine provides a wide range of details concerning the body even for information about particular illnesses. Also, the machine can make the image on most body parts clearly provide the information that is required. This is because it gives accurate details about various processes and structures in the body even in the forms of data and graphs. These are machines that are used to conduct the dialysis in patients with kidney illnesses. Although the patient can live longer when he or she follows the dialysis procedures, there are various impacts associated with the machines. To start with, these machines are very

Discussion Board 1-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board 1-1 - Essay Example Examples of common tragic events that lead to crisis include and not limited to terrorism, suicides, earthquakes, tornadoes and hurricanes, financial meltdowns, job termination and deaths. Crises have three main elements namely, stressor event, perception of the event and effects and inadequate resources or incompetent strategies to absolve the given problems. Usually, psychologists gain interests to study life events after realizing associated negative effects of the events on human survival. In the same manner, the interest to study crises related to their effects on human life. The objectives of such studies are to find reasonable and reliable interventions to avoid and suppress human suffering due to the tragic events. Ideally, crisis intervention strategies differ from other counseling therapeutic intervention in certain ways. Compared to other counseling therapeutic interventions such as Structural Theory, Cognitive Behavioral and Systems theory among others, crisis intervention can take place at any place and setting and can be formal or informal. For example, depending on the severity of a stressing event, counselors might find it necessary to start crisis intervention in a chaotic and disorganized environments such those just hit by hurricanes, suicides or serial shootings. This form of intervention sounds informal and may not work with other counseling interventions. Another difference between crisis interventions from other counseling therapeutic interventions is that many counselors with different expertise can work as a team to handle single case of treatment (Jackson-Cherry & Erford, 2014). This is difficult especially with Structural, Systems and Cognitive Behavioral Theories that are mostly effective when implemented by single counselors. For instance, crises intervention for a tragic event such as earthquake that leaves people in various problems may need various expatriates in Cognitive Behavioral, Systems, Psychoanalytic, Experiential and

Power within the United States congress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Power within the United States congress - Essay Example In contrast to popular belief, the Congress and presidents have always been at loggerheads. This is because on numerous occasions the Senate, House of Representatives are controlled by different parties. Over the years, the Democrats have had a considerable advantage over the Republic with regards to this control. The above section clearly shows there are serious issues relating to the balance of power between the Congress and the Office of the President. There should be a clear definition of duties to minimize conflicts between the president and the congress (Denhardt et al., 2013). Secondly, they should meet on a regular basis to ensure that they are on the same page with regards to public policy as well legislation. Thirdly, there should be effective communication between the two parties to minimize conflict. Finally, the parties should work towards achieving the greatest benefits for the citizens. The above mentioned strategies can be employed to solve the issues relating to the balance of power (Heady, 2001). To start with, the clear definition of duties means that each of the parties will perform the tasks that they are required to with minimal conflict. Secondly, the regular meetings ensure that the two parties compare their duties and activities on a regular basis. Thirdly, effective communication ensures that any issues are dealt with on a timely basis (Schickler, 2001). Finally, when both parties work for the greatest benefit of the people there will be fewer conflicts since both work towards achieving similar goals. This entails the composition of the congress based on the political party membership. In the 113th parliament, between 2013 and 2015, there were a total of 100 members in the senate. Fifty four members are from the Democratic Party, Forty five members are from the Republic party and one member is from another party that is classified as others

Development Administration Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Development Administration - Coursework Example â€Å"This type of administration or management adapted for the particular needs of developing countries has been referred to interchangeably as development administration or development management†¦Ã¢â‚¬  GSAPS-2008 www.ginandjar.com Some standard processes in development consist of planning, implementation , monitoring of projects. However, the question that one may ask is how well the role of monitoring is done as regards development processes. Phil Bartle expounds on the monitoring aspect in planning and implementation of projects. He emphasized the following: â€Å"A project is a series of activities (investments) that aim at solving particular problems within a given time frame and in a particular location The investments include time, money, human and material resources, Before achieving the objectives, a project goes through several stages: Monitoring should be executed by all individuals and institutions which have an interest (stake holders ) in the project. To effectively implement a project, the people planning and implementing it should plan for all the interrelated stages from the beginning.† As defined by World Bank, an NGO is a non-profit making, voluntary, service-oriented /development oriented organization , either for the for the benefit of members ( a grassroots organization) or of other members of the population (or

Economic Determinants of Higher Education Demand in the UK Assignment

Economic Determinants of Higher Education Demand in the UK - Assignment Example Advancement of new technologies and globalization has created complex high competitive environments in businesses. Thus, contemporary graduates commonly find occupations as programmers, journalists, primary school teachers, marketers, and retail managers. Higher education sector not only contributes to the development of country’s human resource, but also it provides a profitable business venture and a prominent source of export income to the UK (Universities UK, 2011). Therefore investigating the determinants of the demand in this sector can be beneficial to country’s economic growth. This study is focused on identifying the impact of students’ demographic characteristics on demand for higher education. It also examines the types of occupations in which graduates are significantly employed. The higher education sector in the UK comprises of universities, university colleges, specialist higher education institutions, and other higher education colleges. According to the statistics, there are 115 universities and 50 other higher education institutions in the UK. The demand for higher education derives from labor markets in UK, EU countries, and non-EU countries. The United Kingdom has a competitive advantage in providing higher education to the world due to its global reputation, elite higher education brands, historical trade and political links, the popularity of the English language and culture, and post-study employment prospects (Universities UK, 2012). These can be considered as â€Å"pull† factors (Mazzarol & Soutar, 2002). There are also â€Å"push† factors contributing to the growth of this sector. The push factors are largely generated based on the socio-political environments in the home countries of international students (Mazzarol & Soutar, 2002). Thus, changes occurring in those countries can affect the growth of higher education sector in the UK.  

Drinking Water Quality Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drinking Water Quality - Assignment Example From this discussion it is clear that water quality is very important to humanity as well as the survival of other species. First of all, portable water is highly scarce. More crucially, only 3% of the world’s water is safe for drinking and 2% of this water is found ice and glaciers. Therefore, it is only 1% of the world’s water that is actually available for drinking. This is the reason why water quality is an important topic to many people. Water is very important to the daily life of a human being. Water is an integral part of most items we purchase and consume each day. This includes the various foods and drinks. Quality drinking water is important to human health and the general well-being. Water is also used throughout our homes for purposes of cooking, bathing, cleaning, laundry, watering plants and a many other purposes.This study highlights that human activities also have a high influence on water quality. Water pollution due to human as well as industrial acti vities have led to some devastating effects on the whole ecosystem. Developing countries are struggling with intestinal diseases while the developed ones face eutrophication. It is clear that although there may be an adequate supply of water, the unsuitable quality of this water is likely to limit its use. Therefore, we should avoid engaging in activities that pose a challenge to water quality. The hypothesis that guided this study is that Sharjah tap water has less than 500ml/L TDS.

Italian Hours Essay Example for Free

Italian Hours Essay Italian Hours, Henry James’s most acclaimed collection of travel stories written between 1882 and 1909, is a very interesting piece of travel literature. However, it does much more than a typical work in the genre would do, that is describing author’s experiences in a foreign, usually exotic, country. Instead, Italian Hours can be seen as an important document from a historical and anthropological perspective, since it catalogues living conditions, attitudes, customs and traditions of Italian people at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. There are other prominent examples of travel literature, such as Tocqueville’s Journey to America, which provide in-depth explorations of cultural idiosyncrasies and social organization of different societies; Italian Hours should be seen as one of the works in the latter category. James’s opinions on various matters are all more interesting for the reason that his perspective, as of an American writer and tourist, is â€Å"an embodiment of modernity by definition† (Manolescu-Oancea 2010, para. 1), while Italy is conventionally regarded to be a country that has entered the period of modernity later than other major European powers. In the subsequent paragraphs, a number of examples of the aforementioned will be presented. It is necessary to keep in mind that James’s work touches upon a wide variety of philosophical topics, which are all very intriguing yet unfortunately cannot be covered in this essay due to space constraints. This essay will focus primarily at James’s interpretation of social conditions, developments, and debates in Italy of the aforementioned period. The concluding section will briefly discuss the place of Italian Hours among other works of travel literature set in Italy. Along with describing natural beauties and historical sites of Italy, James devotes significant attention to analyzing people’s daily lives, which allows for a deduction about social structures that existed in Italy of those times. For instance, when describing Sienna, James (2008) talks of it as of a city that is still in the 14th century, with numerous and rich nobility that is â€Å"perfectly feudal and uplifted and separate† (p. 242). There is no middle class, or bourgeoisie; instead â€Å"immediately after the aristocracy come the poor people, who are very poor indeed† (James 2008, p. 42). A great divide between rich and poor has been very characteristic of Italy of the late 19th and early 20th century. The miserable situation of poorer Italians is exacerbated by the government that wields unreasonably high taxes. Upward social mobility is a rare phenomenon, and most Italians born outside of the upper classes were expecting a life of struggle and destitution . When recollecting his time in Venice, James writes that Italians’ â€Å"habitations are decayed; their taxes heavy; their pockets light; their opportunities few† (James 2008, p. 13). It is necessary to keep in mind that the unification of Italy occurred quite late in the 19th century. A lot of problems remained unresolved following the unification, ranging from economic deprivation to epidemics of fatal disease. Most researchers name â€Å"the huge material gulf between north and south† (p. 168) as one of the most pressing problems of the time: previously Austrian provinces of Lombardy and Venetia were more developed then southern provinces like Sicily. The following statistics give a fairly comprehensive picture of the level of economic development in the immediate aftermath of the unification: In 1870s the primary sector [agriculture, mining and forestry] accounted for 62 percent of total employment against less than 50 percent for France, Germany and the USA. For the UK the figure was only 22. 7 percent. Most of the industrial development was concentrated in very few areas, namely Lombardy, Piedmont and a few firms in the region of Naples† (Faini Venturini 1994, p. 74). Yet the disparities in life quality between different provinces of Italy are not salient in James’s writings. Keen on noticing regional differences, the author of Italian Hours speaks of Italian people as generally poor, although income gap becomes more and more extreme as one moves southwards. Poor economic conditions have resulted in mass emigration of Italians to other country, mostly to the United States, which seems particularly ironic in the context of James’s observations about Italy and America. James (2008) describes Italians as simple and unpretentious; he writes of them as of people that â€Å"have at once the good and the evil fortune to be conscious of few wants† (p. 3). However, early modernity has already associated sophistication with having a variety of needs that are hard to satisfy. In accordance with these criteria, Italians might come across as being less civilized than other peoples, although such view is definitely misguided. Enjoying simple pleasures can be a sign of wisdom and contemplative approach to life; although many of the pleasures Italian cities offer might seem to be â€Å"superficial pastimes† (James 2008, p. 14), they are no less pleasurable from it. Enjoying works by great masters of the past or magnificent nature are some of the activities Italians often indulge in. One of the issues that have been heatedly debated at the times of James’s travels was the question of whether to restore or preserve ancient ruins, and how to do it. In Italian Hours, the author presents his negative â€Å"assessment of the results of renovation in Italian cities and in his criticism of the intrusions of modernity in the cityscape† (Manolescu-Oancea 2010, para. 1). In his opinion, buildings should be seen as humans, having their own lifecycles and histories, and therefore mortal. Moreover, buildings have a unique ability to tell stories of people who have once inhabited them and sometimes even have to atone for their sins: â€Å"Houses not only look like ageing bodies, they also seem to be permeated with the life of their former inhabitants, which lends them a dark human aura, a psyche† (Manolescu-Oancea 2010, para. 6). As with cityspaces, natural landscapes for James are not â€Å"merely a picturesque backdrop for romantic adventure†¦[but are]†¦endowed with some of the richness of symbolic values inherited from great historical events† (Mariani 1964, p. 42). Since the richness of Italian history and nature are so impressive, James notes with regret that so many Italians live in poverty. On the other hand, he believes that being constantly surrounded by breathtaking beauty is a fair compensation; moreover, the peculiarly lighthearted approach to life Italians have helps them cope with daily problems. Although a lot of criticism of social reality of the late 19th century and early 20th century is present in James’s text, a comparison with his own country, America, is usually to the disadvantage of the latter. In Monte Mario outside Rome, James (2008) observes â€Å"the idle elegance and grace of Italy alone, the natural stamp of the land which has the singular privilege of making one love her unsanctified beauty all but as well as those features of one’s own country toward which nature’s small allowance doubles that of one’s own affection† (p. 166). In comparing American and Italian cuisine, the author recollects Grotta Ferrata, a rather insignificant and unkempt village, yet al fresco food for its fair â€Å"couldn’t fail to suggest romantic analogies to a pilgrim from the land of no cooks† (James 1995; cited in Collister 2004, p. 95). When James expresses dissatisfaction with new developments in the centre of Florence, he thinks of America again, fearful of the ancient city being disfigured â€Å"under the treatment of enterprising syndics, into an ungirdled organism of the type, as they viciously say, of Chicago† (James 2008, p. 257). Ev en in term of attitudes, James (2008) appreciates the fact that Italians are more down-to-earth and relaxed than his fellow men when he fears that a day may come when people â€Å"rush about Venice as furiously as people rush about New York† (p. 57). Thus, while modernity and speed become synonymous with the New World, James’s observations unmistakably point to â€Å"cultural wrong-headedness and impoverishment of the America† (Collister 2004, p. 196). At the same time, Italy is to James â€Å"literally picturesque real life composes itself into art at every turn† (Collister 2002, p. 340). Constant reminiscences of the New World serve several particular functions in James’s writing. First of all, it appears to be symbolic of his attempts to establish an emotional connection with his readers and – through his personal perspective – to help establish a connection between his readers and Italy. This device is frequently employed in travel literature: the reader can feel overwhelmed with descriptions of faraway places and strange cultures that bear no resemblance to their own; it is therefore the role of a writer to create a minimum level of comfort by recalling familiar places and phenomena. In such a way, readers can comprehend the mode of life in distant lands building on their own experience in their home countries. On the other hand, such reminiscences serve another purpose, as Manolescu-Oancea (2010) argues: James’s constant references to America and to his Americanness introduce a special kind of alienated perspective, both geographical and temporal, which is decidedly American in outlook† (para. 20). James’s fascination with Italy has been enduring, yet there were moments in his life when the writer has expressed a significant degree of dissatisfaction with living conditions there. Rome is the city that has come is for the most criticism in his private letters; in one of them he even writes the following: â€Å"I feel that I shouldnt care if I never saw the perverted place again† (James 1907; cited in Lubbock 2008, p. 2). This perhaps can be attributed to the fact that his brother, William, has contracted malaria while in Rome and had to move southwards to Florence to improve his health (Gale 1959). It is indeed interesting to observe how both James’s life and writings create a rather accurate account of what it was like to live in Italy at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century. James’s Italian Hours is one among many other literary travelogues of Italy; Sterne’s Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy (1768) and Dick ens’ Pictures from Italy (1845) are perhaps the most known of them. What distinguishes Italian Hours, however, is that it â€Å"follows no chronology and even the geographical ordering – much dwelling upon Venice and a movement southwards as far as Naples with a return to Tuscany – is (unlike Goethe’s Italienische Reise) arbitrary† (Collister 2004, p. 194). At the same time, the peculiarity of the narrator’s style gives a powerful and overarching sense of organization to this seemingly odd collection of stories.

Customer Satisfaction In The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay

Customer Satisfaction In The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay The Study mainly reviews and discusses the topic of customer satisfaction and its application to the Hospitality and Tourism industries. Defines the concept and analyzes its importance to services and its importance to serves in general and to hospitality / tourism services in particular. Following a discussion on the dimensions and attributes of satisfaction, lists the main methods of measuring satisfaction and concludes with a review of global and cross-cultural issues that affect satisfaction in hotel industry. Customer satisfaction is the leading decisive factor for determining the quality and standard which is actually delivered to the customer through the product, service or by the accompanying servicing. (Vavra, 1997); Its simply stated, Customer satisfaction is essential for corporate survival Several studies have found that it costs about five times as much in time, money and resources to attract a new customer as it does to retain an existing customer (Neumann, 1995). This creates the challenge of maintaining high levels of service, awareness of customer expectations and improvement in services and product. Hayes states that Knowledge of customer expectations and requirements is essential for two reasons it provides understanding of how the customer defines quality of services and products, and facilitates the development of a customer satisfaction questionnaire (Hayes, 1997, p7). Furthermore, customer satisfaction is recognized as of great importance to all commercial firms because of its influence on repeat purchases and word of mouth recommendations (Berkman and Gilson, 1986). The researcher interest is to carryout a study of customer satisfaction at Express by Holiday Inn, London. Research Problem Customer satisfaction research is not an end into itself. The purpose, of course, in measuring customer satisfaction is to see where a company stands in this regard in the eyes of its customers, thereby enabling service and product improvements which will lead to higher satisfaction level. Satisfaction is not a universal phenomenon and not everyone gets the same satisfaction out of the same hospitality experience. The reason is that customers have different needs, objectives and past experiences that influence their expectation. The results of a customer satisfaction survey need to be evaluated to determine what needs to be improved. Goals should be as specific as possible. Hotels are often challenged on how to best increase guest satisfaction, and how to optimize both price and occupancy. Employee satisfaction, guestroom cleanliness, amenities, appearance, food and services all contribute to customer satisfaction, and increase customer satisfaction is a proven driver of guest retent ion and higher occupancy rates. Understanding customer experience through research is widely recognized as a key factor in improving long-term business performance. Express by Holiday Inn Hotel had a requirement to obtain daily feedback at an individual level by rooms/reception questionnaire in general for its GSTS (Guest satisfaction tracking system). It has to introduce web based questionnaire survey to create an opportunity to built feedback interface for general public to get provided a cost-effective and practical methodology so hotel future guest see the reviews in term of past feedbacks. In the customer arena, we believe that regular, quantitative measurement of customer satisfaction provides a much better lead indicator of future organizational health than profitability of market share change (Tom Peters, Management guru) Objectives of the Study The main objective is to conduct the customer satisfaction and its measurement in the hotel industry with special reference to Express by Holiday Inn Hotel, London. Subsidiary Objectives Analyses of costs demonstrating that customer retention is substantially less expensive than customer acquisition. Customer behaviourists in the area of lodging, restaurant, food services and tourism. Customer satisfaction is a psychological concept. Customer purchase goods and service with pre purchase expectations about anticipated performance. Assessment of satisfaction is made during the service delivery process. Satisfaction is not a universal phenomenon and everyone is not getting the same satisfaction out of the same hospitality experience. Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy and Tangibles. Significance of Study Customer Satisfaction measurement (CSM) consists of on two major roles Providing Information Enabling Communication with Customer The initial or primary reason for taking the time to measure customer satisfaction is based on to collect the information. It means that what customers say that need to be done differently or on the other hand to assess how well an organization is currently meeting its customer needs or requirements. But the secondary is not less important function of CSM in hospitality industry that by surveying customers. An organization is emphasis its interest in communicating with its customers. In hotel industry, its always finding out customers needs, pleasures, displeasures and overall well being. Though it is impossible to measure the satisfaction of every single customer needs. The customer satisfaction may different from organization to organization or hotel to hotel. Here we would like to quote Neumann (1995) five objectives suggestions as follows: To get close to the customer Measure continuous improvement To achieve customer driven improvement To measure competitive strengths and weaknesses To link Customer Satisfaction Measurement (CSM) data to internal systems Hypothesis Customer Satisfaction is a psychological concept. Customer purchase goods and services with pre purchase expectations. Assessment of satisfaction is made during the service delivery process. Satisfaction is not Universal phenomenon. Recognition of the employees who contribute to the Customers satisfaction Customer based improvement goals Plans for improving operational variables Incorporation of customer satisfaction skills into employees training programme Measurement and plan for improvement of employee satisfaction Importance of my Study To satisfy each and every customer or to meet his / her expectation every time is not an easy task especially in hotel industry. This work is to investigate and examine the psychology of the customer, their expectations and behaviour. Methodology My methodology of research will be based on experience, day to day operation of the hotel, customer complaint, customer satisfaction standard, theory, hypothesis, observation and confirmation. Universe of the Study The research would be conducted Hotels based in London, utilizing my own experience but the mainly focused on the Customer Satisfaction Measurement. Sample Design My sample will be comprised of the Customer Satisfaction Measurement in Express by Holiday Inn Hotel, London Data Usage In my research I would like to go for primary data collection, secondary data collection, quantitative and qualitative data collection. Tools of data Collection The data collection would include the use of questionnaire, scheduled interviews, guest feedback, and management feedback, guest services track system (GSTS), guest survey, and personal experience along with personal observation. In the questionnaire design, I will use the respondent completes short closed ended questions and long open ended questions. In the interview design, I would like to use personal forms, sharing their experience and work directly with the respondent. In the guest feedback, I would like to get the guest feedback while they are checking out from the hotel, compare their past and current experience. In the management feedback, I would like to get the information from management regarding the standard and complaint level of the guest activities in the hotel. Hypothesis Testing My hypothesis is Customer Satisfaction is a psychological concept. Customer purchase goods and services with pre purchase expectations. Assessment of satisfaction is made during the service delivery process. Satisfaction is not Universal phenomenon. I would like to test this hypothesis with my proper research along with my personal experience with respect to the Customer Satisfaction Measurement theory. Research Design and Timing Feb 2010 In the month of Feb 2010 I will finish my primary data collection (questionnaire, interviews, guest feed back, and management feedback, guest services track system, guest surveys, personal observation and experience) Feb 2010 In the month of Feb I would like to finish my complete data collection and I will systemize the data in the proper form according to the distribution of report. March 2010 In the month of July I would like to finish my final report writing and I will make it ready for the submission at the end of March 2010. Structure of the Report Chapter No 1 : Introduction Chapter No 2 : Literature review Chapter No 3 : Theory base (all theoretical background) Chapter No 4 : Analysis of the findings Chapter No 5 : Discussions Chapter No 6 : Conclusion and Recommendations Monitoring and Evaluation Feb, 2010 by Researcher Feb, 2010 by Supervisor March, 2010 by Researcher March, 2010 by Supervisor Literature Review My literature review comprises of theories, models, customers satisfaction surveys and related information. Brief and summarized form of my most important literature review is given below: Satisfaction Theories: Satisfaction Models: Satisfaction Surveys: Express by Holiday Inn Hotel Experience of Guest Satisfaction: Recently, numerous researchers have attempted to apply CS theories developed by consumer behaviorists in the areas of lodging in order to investigate CS applicability to the hospitality and tourism industries. The majority of these theories are based on cognitive nine distinct theories of customer satisfaction. The majority of these theories are based on cognitive psychology; some have received moderate attention, while other theories have been introduced without any empirical research. The theories include: Expectancy Disconfirmation Assimilation or cognitive dissonance Contrast Assimilation Contrast Equity Attribution Comparison level Generalized negativity Value precept Cognitive state of reward Customer satisfaction can also be defined as satisfaction based on an outcome or a process. Outcome definition of customer satisfaction characterizes satisfaction as the end-state resulting from the experience of consumption. This end state may be a cognitive state of reward, an emotional response to an experience or a comparison of rewards and costs to the anticipated consequences. Vavra also puts forth a definition of customer satisfaction based as a process, emphasizing the perceptual, evaluative and psychological processes contributing to customer satisfaction. In this definition, assessment of satisfaction is made during the service delivery process. Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory Richard Oliver has developed the expectancy disconfirmation theory in 1980. According to his theory, customers purchase goods and services with pre-purchase expectations about anticipated performance. Once the product or service has been purchased and used, outcomes are compared against expectations. When outcome matches expectations, confirmation occurs. On the other hand when there are differences between expectations and outcomes then disconfirmation occurs. Negative disconfirmation occurs when product / service performance is less than expected. Positive disconfirmation occurs when product / service performance is better than expected. Satisfaction is caused by confirmation or positive disconfirmation of consumer expectations, and dissatisfaction is caused by negative disconfirmation of consumer expectations. Basically we may say that Customer satisfaction is a psychological concept that involves the feeling of well-being and pleasure that results from obtaining what one hopes for and expects from an appealing product and/or service. Satisfaction is not a universal phenomenon and not everyone gets the same satisfaction out of the same hospitality experience. The reason is that customers have different needs, objectives and past experiences that influence their expectations. Therefore, it is important to gain a clear idea of the customer needs and objectives that correspond to different kinds of satisfactions. This necessitates the segmentation of the market, because no service or product can offer everyone the same degree of satisfaction. Experience may result from changes in the perception of the actual quality of outcomes received, or from changes in the expectations against which these outcomes are compared. The components of satisfaction Most hospitality experiences are an amalgam of products and services. Therefore it is possible to say that satisfaction with a hospitality experience such as a hotel stay or a restaurant meal is a sum total of satisfactions with the individual elements or attributes of all the products and services that make up the experience. Reuland Model of Satisfaction There is no uniformity of opinion among marketing experts as to the classification of the elements in service encounters. Reuland suggests that hospitality services consist of a harmonious mixture of three elements: The material product in a narrow sense which in the case of a restaurant is the food and beverages; The behavior and attitude of the employees who are responsible for hosting the guest, serving the meal and beverages and who come in direct contact with the guests, The environment, such as the building, the layout, the furnishing, the lighting in the restaurant, etc. Reuland et al. (1985, p. 142) Czepiel Model of Satisfaction On the other hand, Czepiel suggests that satisfaction with a service is a function of satisfaction with two independent elements, the functional element, i.e. the food and beverage in a restaurant, and the performance-delivery element, i.e. the service. To prove the independence of the two elements from each other, the authors claim that restaurant clients are quite capable of having responses to each element that differ one from the other: The service was great, the food poor or conversely. (Czepiel et al) (1985. P. 13) David and Stone Model of Satisfaction Davis and Stone divide the service encounter into two elements: Direct Services Indirect Services For example, direct services may be the actual check-in/check-out process in hotels, while the indirect services include the provision of parking facilities, concierge, public telephones for guests use, etc. (Davis and Stone (1985, p.29) Dimensions of satisfaction In service organizations, the assessment of the quality of a service is made during the actual delivery of the service usually an encounter between the customer and a service contact person. Parasuraman identified the following five generic dimensions of service quality (SERVQUAL) that must be present in the service delivery in order for it to result in customer satisfaction: Reliability the ability to perform the promised services dependably and accurately. Responsiveness the willingness to help customers and provide prompt service. Assurance the knowledge and courtesy of employees as well as their ability to convey trust and confidence. Empathy the provision of caring, individualized attention to customers, and Tangibles, the appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel and communication materials. The model conceptualizes service quality as a gap between customers expectations (E) and the perception of the service providers performance (P). According to Parasuraman that service quality should be measured by subtracting customers perception scores from customer expectation scores: (Q = P E) The greater the positive score represents the greater the positive amount of service quality or vice versa. The gap that may exist between the customers expected and perceived service is not only a measure of the quality of the service, but is also a determinant of customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction. Measuring the gap between expected and perceived service is a routine method of utilizing customer feedback. Measuring service quality via customer satisfaction Hayes states that Knowledge of customer expectations and requirements is essential for two reasons: It provides understanding of how the customer defines quality of service and products and facilitates the development of customer satisfaction questionnaires. (Hayes, 1997) Customer satisfaction is recognized as of great importance to all commercial firm because of its influence on repeat purchases and word of mouth recommendation (Berkman and Gilson, 1986). Satisfaction, reinforces positive attitudes towards the brand, leading to a greater likelihood that the same brand will be purchased again, but on the other hand dissatisfaction leads to negative brand attitudes and lessens the likelihood of buying the same brand again (Assael, 1987) Guest Expectation from Express by Holiday Inn Hotel Expectations can be described as a mutable internal standard which is based on a multitude of factors including needs, objectives, past personal or vicarious experiences with the same establishment restaurant, with similar establishments, and the availability of alternatives. To recapitulate what we have established by now is that an individuals satisfaction with outcomes received from a hospitality experience results from a comparison of these outcomes with expectations. Some hotels / restaurant attributes are more likely to earn guest complaints than compliments. Availability of parking, hours of operation, traffic congestion, noise level, and spaciousness of the establishment all appear in the top-ten complaint list. In contrast, guests express appreciation for high performance in some areas, but rarely complain when performance is so-so. The survey results suggest that guest react favorably to a clean neat restaurant, neat employees, ample portions, and responsiveness to complaints. The quality and quantity of service, food quality, helpfulness of the employees, and the prices of drinks, meals and other services appear in both the list of most frequent complaints and the list of the most frequent compliments. Cadotte and Turgeon attribute model of performance Cadotte and Turgeon divided the attributes into the following four categories: Satisfiers Dissatisfiers Critical Neutral Satisfiers were those attributes where unusual performance apparently elicited compliments and satisfaction, but average performance or even the absence of the feature did not cause dissatisfaction or complaints. Large-size food portions, smartly dressed employees, clean and neat restaurants are all examples of a restaurant satisfier. Normal food portions, regularly dressed employees and not so neat restaurants do not cause dissatisfaction. In contrast, large food portions and well-groomed and smartly dressed employees please the restaurant guest. Satisfiers, represent an opportunity to shine, to move ahead of the pack, and to stand out from the crowd Dissatisfiers were more likely to earn a complaint for low performance or absence of a desired feature than anything else. But an operation that exceeds the threshold performance standard apparently will not receive compliments on the attribute. Parking and excessive noise are good examples of dissatisfiers; they have to be provided and maintained at a minimum or sufficient level. But efforts to achieve a higher performance level will not be appreciated by customers nor will it cause them satisfaction. Dissatisfiers particularly require management control to prevent poor performance. Minimum standards should be established, and the focus should be on maintaining these standards. Be as good as your competition, but do not waste resources trying to be better. Critical attributes were capable of eliciting both complaints (dissatisfactions) and compliments (satisfactions), depending on the situation. Quality of service, food quality and helpful attitude of employees ranked high in eliciting both complaints and compliments. Critical factors deserve special attention, because of their potential for both hurting and helping a business. Like dissatisfiers, minimum standards must be set to avoid negative responses to your service. For the critical attributes, the objective is to raise performance beyond the norm Neutral attributes neither received a great number of compliments nor many complaints, therefore probably indicating that they were either not salient to guests or easily brought up to guests standards. Cadotte and Turgeon draw our attention to the fact that the classification of these factors is not permanent but constantly changes. Some dissatisfier type attributes were probably critical at one time. Higher industry standards, though, may have improved performance to the extent that most restaurants are able to meet guest requirements on these factors. For example, in warm climates, the availability of reliable air conditioning in hotels or restaurants was a critical factor; today, with the advent of modern refrigeration technology, all hotels and restaurants in such climates will have it. Having more of it will not satisfy anyone, but when air-conditioning breaks down, suddenly everyone becomes dissatisfied. Resources I would like to use limited resources for my research. I will use internet, complete media library, company visits, interviewing with different guests who are staying in different hotels or regular guests and frequent flyers, news papers, journals, books, telephone and other possible resources which are easily available and easily accessible. Possible outcome of my study I would like to say that my research work on Customer Satisfaction Measurement will bring new turn and increase the satisfaction level in Central Park Hotel Hyde Park, London. More importantly, my study will analysis the guest satisfaction level and will point out the main causes, how to improve and bring the level of customer satisfaction up to the mark. Limitations of the Study My study on Customer Satisfaction Measurement in hotel industry will be limited only as well as on Express by Holiday Inn, London and other Hotels in London.

GPS-GSM based Rail Signaling and Tracking System

GPS-GSM based Rail Signaling and Tracking System Abstract: In this paper, we propose a system for monitoring, tracking, and automating the trains. In contrast to the existing methods, we employ a global position system (GPS) and Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). The messages are sent and each train is individually tracked. We utilize signaling techniques like GPS and GSM, which provide information to the loco pilot proactively. The proposed system has advantages in terms of communication range and accuracy with respect to wi-fi based rail tracking method. The work has potential applications in bad weather and emergency situations like collision. Keywords: Train Tracking, Collision Detection, Collision Avoidance, GPS, GSM, Railway Signaling. I. INTRODUCTION Railway tracking in the countries like United States, Russia, China, and India assumes significant attention. The railways traverse the length and breadth of the country and carry over billions of passengers and million tons of freight daily. In recent years, a hectic problem around the world is regarding traffic densities. This is not uncommon in railway sectors either. We often hear about the word train collision and its huge impact on precious human life and time. With great passion for this issue, the paper proposes the solution for this grave problem. Especially if we consider the case of Indian railway, most of the train tracking is based on manual entry from stations. The railway is always looking for the specific tracking methodologies, which will provide prior state of the train before arriving to the station. The GPS-GSM tracking system overcomes many problems like multiple aspect color light signaling, relay interlocking, and various kinds of block working, point operation and train tracking. The proposed system is applicable for reducing the damages to a greater extent and it is helpful to both railway system and loco pilot. Uvaraja et al. presents advanced pre-warning system (Railways). The proposed system is an upgrade of the existing train protection warning system (TPWS) and Anti-collision device (ACD) systems. The system makes use of radio frequency identification (RFID), FLIR cameras and other embedded systems [3]. Immanuel et al. proposes real time wireless based train tracking, track identification and collision avoidance system for railway sectors [4]. Shaik et al. presents rail tracking system (RTS). For transmission and receiving of the information, GPS is utilized. A message exchange link is given between rail tracking system and control room based on the GPS. The location of the train is tracked using GSM technology herein [7, 8]. K. Vidyasagar et al. proposes signaling based system that utilizes radio frequency and infrared technology for train tracking. This paper utilizes a switching logic methodology, technique to meet the issues of the train tracking method. This work also focuses to map the train on the display screen [6]. The above systems have constraints in real time; most of these constraints can be overcome in the proposed GPS-GSM based technique. The objective of this paper is to monitor, track and automate trains based on GPS-GSM techniques. The subsequent section of this paper is organized as follows: In Section II, we describe the GPS-GSM modules used for tracking purposes. Section III discusses the performance evaluation of the GPS-GSM module for tracking of the train. Section IV concludes the paper and discusses the potential future work. II. GPS-GSM MODULES FOR TRACKING AND SIGNALING The proposed system consists of two parts, tracking and signaling. Both tracking and signaling are carried out with the help of GPS and GSM modules. A. RAILWAY TRACKING USING GPS-GSM TECHNIQUE Our proposed method for tracking and signaling relies greatly on the wireless communication. It uses GPS and GSM for the communication between trains and operation centres. When each train gets their own module, it connects using GPS to obtain their position. The module which is mounted on the train sends the position and train details using GSM technology proactively. This data is received by a central sever, which in turn sends this data to the trains on that track and operation centers. Hence, within the required distance, if any train is traversing in a same track can read this data and can calculate the distance the two trains. Therefore, based on the distance between two trains, the various alarm levels are raised, when the distance is less than predefined threshold. Then, the proposed system (Train mounted Module) starts warning the driver to avoid the collision occurrence. The proposed system responds quickly and avoids the train collisions. The Figure 1 illustrates the flow chart of the GSM-GPS based rail tracking system. The distance between the trains can be calculated using latitude and longitude provided by the GPS module. Haversine formula can be used for this calculation and given in terms of inverse tangent formula to obtain the great circle distance between two locations. The formula for calculation of distance using GPS coordinate s is . Where  signaling terminologies: red signifies stop instantly before entering the next track section occupied by an ahead train; yellow shows move ahead with reasonable speed (45 km/h) as far as the signal. Green signal illustrates that the subsequent track is not occupied and the train may enter that particular section at the maximum possible speed. In heavily rush tracks; two other signal terminologies are also utilized. Two yellow lights show the restricted speed, and one yellow and one green light show the reduced speed. The working of our system is illustrated with an example of two trains A and B. Suppose there are two trains A and B on the same track, As the GPS co-ordinates of the signal post are fixed, we directly encode those positions in the module so that when the train A which is ahead of the train B crosses the signal position and signal is changed to red, the signal which is changed is directly fed into the train B using GSM module and we can show the current signal of the signal post on a screen in the locomotive. In this way it is helpful for loco pilots to observe the signal during bad weather and low visibility conditions. III. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION In this section, experimental setup, hardware details, results and their analysis are provided. A. Experimental Setup Main module used in this work is SIM 908 Module, which has GPS, GSM and GPRS combined and Arduino UNO board. Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on ATmega328 as shown in Figure 3. It has 14 digital input, output pins and 16 Analog pins. It can be communicated to the computer via USB cable. All sensors and communicating devices are connected using microcontroller. SIM908 is integrated with a GSM-GPRS technique that is of high performance and a GPS engine as shown in Figure 4. The GSM-GPRS technique is a quad-band module that works on different frequencies like EGSM 900MHz, PCS 1900MHz, DCS 1800MHz, and GSM 850MHz. SIM908 utilizes GPRS multi-slot class 10 and class 8 and CS-1 to CS-4 coding schemes are employed herein. The experimental setup is shown in Figure 5. Figure  trains are subsequently calculated using GPS coordinates and warning system as shown in Figure 6, 7 and 8. Signaling of the train is also achieved successfully. Real time results of GPS coordinates on the map are shown in Figure 9 which shows the effectiveness of the proposed system. IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK The proposed system provides the promising and reliable output. The tracking system using GPS and GSM modules may enable the rail department to safeguard the human life from accidents. The position and the current status of the signal in the signal post are directly transmitted to the train and can be displayed on the screen. In future this work may be extended for automation and driver-less train using GPS, GSM and GPRS techniques. Real time data of moving trains like speed and current location may be tracked and monitored at the control station. Such real-time information can be utilized for system upgrade so as to avert accidents due to natural calamities such as landslide and cyclone. An additional geographic sensor and interface with geographic information system may be required for the same. Furthermore the analysis of such data is bound to provide us with much deeper insight as to why such accidents take place. Learning from such an analysis can be applied to the system, further improving it over time as their data is collected and studied. REFERENCES [1]. N. V. Chawale, P. J. Kadam, S. N. Khodke, P. L. Thakre P.S. Borkhade, K. A. Dhobale ZigBee and RFID Based Train Tracking System International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations, Vol. 2, Issue 2, PP (1-3), April June 2014. [2]. G. K. Dwivedy performance of new technologies in signalling systems on indian railwaysIRSE, 2012. [3]. S. Uvaraja and R. V. Prashanth Advanced Pre-Warning System (Railways) International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 2, April 2012. [4]. R.I. Rajkumar, P. E. Sankaranarayanan, and G.Sundari Real Time Wireless based Train Tracking, Track Identification and Collision avoidance System for Railway Sectors International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering Technology (IJARCET) Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2014. [5]. T. Takashige Railway technology today 8 signaling systems for safe railway transport japan railway and transport system 1999. [6]. K.vidyasagar, P.S. babu,R.R.Prasad, Train Tracking and the signaling system using IR and RF technology International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887) Volume 119 No.23, June 2015. [7]. R. Takagi Synchronisation control of trains on the railway track controlled by the moving block signalling system Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp.130-138, September 2012. [8]. Q. Gu , T. Tang and F. Ma Energy-Efficient Train Tracking Operation Based on Multiple Optimization Models IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp. 882 892, March 2016

Julius Caesar :: Ancient Rome Roman History

Julius Caesar When the name Julius Caesar is heard, it can only trigger the image of a great leader that led Rome into prosperity. Caesar's military excellence brought more power and more land; that lead to the increase of size and strength in Rome. His dictatorship helped the stability and prosperity in Rome. Caesar's assassination lead to a monarchy that was ruled by Octavin. His death lead to a domino effect ending in the ultimate collapse of the Roman Empire. Many people of the 21st century follow the path of Julius Caesar and try to be as great as he was. The assassination of Julius Caesar was a tragedy due to the contributions he made to Rome's prosperity during his life, and the chaos that occurred in Rome after his death. The contributions that Caesar made towards the strength of Rome's success, and the chaos and collapse of Rome after his death made the assassination of Julius Caesar a tragedy. Julius Caesar was assassinated by his own senate on March 15 44 BC; also known as the Ides of March. As he was walking in to the senate house, a man told him to beware the Ides of March. He ignored this statement and walked into the senate house. At this time some of the Senate members surrounded Caesar in a stealthy manner and tugged on his toga. As he looked around he was stabbed by many of the senate members multiple times. He collapsed to the ground and lay on the marble floor dead, next to the feet of Pompey's statue. (Nardo 94) Caesar's military eminence helped Rome prosper into one of the greatest and most memorable civilizations in history. His campaigns helped Rome grow larger in size and in power. His victories in Egypt, Pontus, Gaul, Africa, and parts in the Asia Minor were some of Caesar's greatest honors, (Bruns 99) and is considered "the most powerful national leader in history"(Nardo 73) because of his conquests. The major reason for his strong army was due to the fact that the senate favored him. The senate gave him three provinces for the span of five years, instead of one province for one year. With this ruling, he had "a chance to build a stronger personal army"(34). The strategies and tactics used by Caesar made his death even more tragic because of his excellent leadership and planning. Caesar planned wars by legionary battles.

Marina Warners The Dragon Empress Essay -- Marina Warner The Dragon E

Marina Warner's The Dragon Empress At the age of sixteen, the beautiful and elegant T’zu-hsi entered the Forbidden City in Peking. The daunting walls, enormous buildings and massive pillars loomed around her as she walked deeper and deeper into its confines. She entered the palace as a timid young girl, but it was from within these walls that she would keep her claws around all of China. Marina Warner describes the life of this ruthless enchantress in The Dragon Empress, an essential read for understanding Chinese culture during the 18th and early 19th centuries. Tz’u-hsi, also known as the empress dowager, ruled all of China from 1861 to 1908. It is amazing that a woman ruled over 400 million people during this time. She began as a courtesan in the emperor’s court, but after bearing a male heir she quickly gained power. After the death of the emperor and the death of her son, Tz’u-hsi appointed her nephew to the throne. She quickly became dissatisfied with him, however, and took all the power for herself. Tz’u-hsi hated the outside powers who were carving up China for themselves, so she encouraged the Boxer Rebellion. The Boxers attacked foreigners in an attempt to get them to leave. Tz’u-hsi also tried to keep China traditional and hated modernization. She was a very powerful and cunning woman who manipulated those around her. The book begins with the birth of Tz’u-hsi in 1835 and goes on to explain her family situation. It describes her path to power and how she manipulated the eunuchs in the palace to act as her spies and personal confidants. From the circumstances of her birth to her fatal fight with dysentery, Tz’u-hsi’s life is described in great detail within the... ...cited, so it is a great tool in understanding Tz’u-hsi. However, I would have believed Marina more if she cited personal accounts of Chinese people who lived during Tz’u-hsi’s time. I would like to know how the people of China really felt, and if it is how Marina describes it. Despite any inherent weaknesses in the book, Marina Warner has done an incredible job bringing the story of Tz’u-hsi and a vivid image of China to the world. The photographs that she placed in this book depict court life and compliment the book well. Marina’s mastery of words allows her to paint the scenes of Tz’u-hsi’s life. I highly recommend this book to anyone who is interested in discovering the intimate details of Tz’u-hsi’s life, her road to power, and China at the turn of the century. Works Cited Warner, Marina. The Dragon Empress. New York: Atheneum, 1986.

Information Systems in Global Business Today Essay

How IT drives the UPS operation worldwide. Using smart people and smart technology, UPS delivers over 14 million packages daily to 200 countries and territories, requiring the talents of 70,000 drivers who are wirelessly connected to UPS main databases located in seventeen major data centers throughout through out the world. Case United Parcel Service’s global operations are driven by its information systems technology. What UPS can do is largely a function of its information technology investments. Beginning as a local delivery service in 1907, UPS expanded on the West coast initially, reached New York in the 1930s, and went international in the 1970s. Today, UPS delivers over 14 million packages daily to 200 countries and territories, requiring the talents of 70,000 drivers who are wireless connected to UPS main databases located in seventeen major data centers throughout through out the world. A multi-year, multibillion dollar investment in technology drove the growth of UPS over the last twenty five years beginning in 1990. This investment enabled the development of the DIAD, the Delivery Information Acquisition Device. DIAD is a key element in UPSs business technology platform. Company spokesmen say that â€Å"UPS revolutionized the package delivery business in 1991 when it developed and deployed the first Delivery Information Acquisition Device, known as the DIAD. More than twenty years later, UPS continues its pioneering development efforts with the fourth generation of the DIAD – the DIAD IV. To ensure maximum flexibility in field transmission capabilities, DIAD IV includes multiple wireless connectivity options. Each DIAD IV features a built-in GPRS and CDMA radio, an acoustical modem to facilitate dial-up access if necessary, and 802. 11b wireless local area network connectivity to enable transmission in a UPS center. The DIAD IV also features a Bluetooth wireless personal area network and an infrared (IrDA) port to communicate with peripheral devices and customer PCs/printers. DIAD IV introduces a revolutionary new feature – Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) – to the handheld terminal market. UPS plans to use this technology to provide drivers with more detailed directions to pick-up and delivery points in order to improve customer service. The monochrome screen on previous DIADS will be replaced with a color screen that accommodates more information which can be displayed in an easier-to-read, more attractive manner. The color screen also enables UPS to color-code messages transmitted to a driver’s DIAD. Urgent customer pickup messages, for example, can be color-coded to alert the driver. In addition, the DIAD IV contains 128 megabytes of memory – 20 times the capacity of the DIAD III. UPS will use this expanded capacity to provide new and improved customer services. Like its predecessors, the DIAD IV’s battery lasts an entire work day. The DIAD IV sends delivery information to the UPS data repository as soon as the delivery information is entered. Drivers simply scan the package bar code, collect the receiver’s signature electronically, type in the Copyright Notice This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from this site should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials. last name of the receiver and push a single key to complete the transaction and send the data. There is no need to activate a cell phone or return to the vehicle. Part of what makes the DIAD such a powerful tool is the system – ODS (On-Demand Services) – that enables communication with the driver. Every UPS driver automatically logs into the ODS system first thing in the morning. This allows dispatchers and center management to access the driver via his/her DIAD throughout the day by sending generalized text messages. Virtually all drivers start their day with a list of predefined customer pickup locations for that day. Thanks to ODS, the addition of a one-time pickup can be added to a driver’s work list on-the-fly, enabling UPS to take best advantage of the geographic location of its entire fleet for servicing pickup requests. By using the DIAD, UPS eliminates the use of 59 million sheets of paper per year. The DIAD IV is the most comprehensive tracking device in the delivery industry, combining data collection and transmission technologies, digital signature capture, extensive expandable memory and rugged construction to withstand extreme temperatures and hard falls. † Other Features The UPS technology infrastructure enables UPS to offer its customers many services, such as package tracking, freight planning, and freight truck packing optimization, in addition to the basic shipment of packages.

Local Business Project Paper

Trends young children mass argon looking for a healthier desserts teenagers nation atomic number 18 looking for little costly desserts implies young adults 4 Commencement of the line l didnt eventiden c ar fixed(p) yoghourt. When nigh slew hear this quote, they public violence old non echo it sets the period for a self- do quick- polar yoghurt eating house. How invariably, alt cough Mackey, the owner of Yogurts, express this, the restaurant is to a greater extent productive than perpetually under his ownership. Most state trust of a lively environment and fit food when they hear the e oral communication set yoghourt restaurant. Mackey and his family think on a much deeper level than j pract frostd this for their cargon, vision, and documentarys. Mackey says he wants people to think of the line e proud exemption us porter when angiotensin-converting enzyme thinks of Yogurts. He and his family like to s purport the familiarity in every way they outho use, and deplete a positive impact on the surround inning field of honor. He told us that recently, his restaurant held a fundraiser for Carmela Elementary and g eve them 20% of the profits they clear that day. Mackey and his family had numerous reasons for untieding Yogurts.Although t hey had never operated in the frozen yoghurt effort, they had three-fold chaseing id ease and reasons to open this restaurant. divertingly enough, Mackey and his family owned 5 Us byroad restaurants before purchasing Yogurts. This gave them enough interest and experience in the food industry to be motivated to diversify their ownership. They finish up market placeing unrivalled Of the underpass restaurants to invest in Yogurts because they wanted more(prenominal) freedom in operate ions and the cogency to cede fun and be creative. They invested in Yogurts at the end of May as a FAA mill.Originally, a doctor and a relative of the doctor owned the restaurant. Mackey was interest deed in purchasing Yogurts from them because he wanted to diversify his portfolio. At the time, h e only owned tube restaurants in the Fishers and Ageist argona. He was motivated to open Yogurts because he k untested his family would be able to fail it in a relaxed atmosphere and non aim to follow privilege regulations. Mackey equilibrate the risks and rewards of the frozen yoghurt Indus try and eventually decided to bribe Yogurts due(p) to the right emplacement.The ultimate pull factor that promote Mackey and his family to purchase You gurus is its prime location. It is located gain of Meridian and Carmela Drive, which encomia sees a life-sized centre of traffic. Yogurts is visible from Carmela Drive, and is located next to opposite line of descentes that draw in lots of customers, which at large last helps them befuddle money. This is analyzed in rater foresight later on. Along with the location, the criterion of outer space also once raged Mackey and his family to sign on the dotted line. The amount of squargon feet in Yogurts ma ekes it the largest frozen yogurt restaurant in the area.This allows Mackey to use the space in a creative and family friendly way, with sixfold lager tables and a play area for children that include sees a whiteboard for the kids to draw on. The apparatus also allows them to play sporting events on the main T -V. In straddle to entertain all the dads piece noise universal hit songs by means of the CE ailing speakers to create a partly atmosphere. The location exhilarated Mackey because it NV loves more than just traffic it encompasses a felicitous location in central Carmela mixed with t heir opportune target market. arguments pile To be the most profitable frozen yogurt sell in the evidence while being a been change supporter to the community. 6 Mission Statement For our company to sell the most frozen yogurt out Of any ice cream or yogurt shop in the city of Carmela each class by get doneering the exaltedest look and divers(a) choice of flavors and toppings. Slogan For the health of it Yogurts did non prepare a vision parameter so we decided to create one for them The vision statement is measurable and achievable in that we firmly conceptualise that Yogurts is a SSI generic assembly line.Between the group members, we incur have ate at many rebabyt .NET frozen yogurt shops in which none have been superior to Yogurts. Between the quality of the Eire product, wide array of choices, and atmosphere of the venue, Yogurts differentiates itself FRR mammary gland otherwise individual frozen yogurt shops and even franchised ones. Not only does it strive to be a successful enterprise, precisely Yogurts exceedingly prises its role in the community. The stats moment was based off the paper of receiving merely then giving back.Being a rail line, the universal g AOL is to make a profit, but to Yogurt it is to then recall their profits, turn around, and make an impact i n the community. This vision statement plys the owners and employees a intention to strive for. Yogurts also did not have a mission statement, so we created one for them t hat was all include to the company, and one that would motivate owners and me peoples to reach this free-enterprise(a) goal each twelvemonth. It incorporates the who, Yogurts, the what, sell the most frozen yogurt compared to their competitors, and the how, offering high quality an d diverse selection f flavors and toppings.The mission statement is specific, measurable, make able, relevant, and time specific as well. The mission statement galvanism Yogurts to transcend t he other frozen yogurt barge ins in Carmela and be superlative in compare to them in all facets 7 Merits of Small and Large Business Yogurts was earlier started and owned by someone else, but Mackey Burch eased all of the equity, at that placeby deducely the new owner. After doing so, he converted the e business into a federation, spl it up the equity amongst his family members in the idea that eventually it will continue on as a family business.It is note deservingy that he contained it select able to remain a partnership rather than an LLC, a limited obligation company, or a corporation b cause he felt retentiveness it as a partnership was more beneficial, due to lower taxes, than the t radioed for little liability at this point in the business. This, however, would likely only be the ca SE for a blue business. In the united States, a slim business is a business that employs less than viosterol people, and in a company like Yogurts, it would have to expand significantly to do that.It I s easier to remain a partnership as a subtle business, with milder market and employee number , and stave off liability claims than it would be for a bigger business. Another merit of a small business s is that they can be more flexible to the market demands than a large one could. This is a com allowance for being in hardly a(prenominal)er markets, because they can more fully utilize their period one. This is where a local store knows to incorporate a specific item that the local Walter would not even co insider. often times, smaller business will provide far superior products in comparison to lard egger ones.The famous Linton Burger chain, for example, surcharge themselves on superior quail y by remaining a small business and finding its supply arrange short. In contrast, the benefits to being a large business are quite obvious. As a large r business, there is a huge amount of denomination recognition. There are undoubtedly few Poe peel in the civilized 8 world that are unfamiliar with companies such as Collate, Disney, or Google . Currently, Yogurts is not a well recognized business compared to the latter, however, the bosom hold their own against the different frozen yogurt franchises such as dizzy and Orange Leaf.In addition, securing funds is significantly easier as a large bu siness, as banks consider NV sting in them to be most a sure thing. People are also more willing to depart from their current jobs for a large business for this same reason security. This aspect of a large business does c cogitate to Yogurts in that the owners have trouble conclusion employees that are not teenagers beck cause of their size. When programing the make hours for their employees, a large majority of the m can only work late a night or on the weekends because Monday through Friday they attend s school.Yogurts being categorized as a small business, makes it less attractive for people out o f college to confine to work their. Business Objectives Yogurts has many of import objectives as a business, however the owners spec official emphasized their practicable goals. Mackey say he likes to challenge his ample eyeball to work very efficiently. He encourages them to keep up with him while he works one of two registers, or while he restocks food and cuts fresh fru it. This helps employees observe like he s on the same level as him, not just a figurehead supra them, and it also helps them learn to word k at a faster pace.This operational goal has proven to be successful for Yogurts, and has led the m to introduce new technology to their employees. A strategic objective of Yogurts, is to franchise the company. Since Mackey and family have worked with franchises for a long time, they know that they will b e able to use their 9 acquired skills in the frozen yogurt industry as well. Multiple people outfits e have asked Mackey to open up Yogurts restaurants in their single states. A few exam less include Florida, Ohio, and Illinois.This positive feedback from customers and other b equines owners has encouraged Mackey to turn Yogurts into a franchise and illustrates that the You gurus business model is now a proven proof of concept in the market. This goal would not ha eve come to the highest degree if it were not for his successful environment, yearning for feedback, and profession anally orchestrateed employees. federal agency of the Business Functions Human Resources does not have its own segment in Yogurts since they on lye have 71 0 employees at a time. The owners of Yogurts at a time interview and pursue the Eire employees who need to be able to do maintenance and work the register.The owners alls o value an employee who is social and able to create small talk with the customers. They want their customers to feel welcomed, and to be assisted when needed, so therefore, t e owners take into consideration how cordial and coming(a) an applier is when determining if that person should be hired or not. The owners personally train and work with their employees so the at they are as efficient as possible, and they directly deal with any issues that a player may I impose, however, this is rare with the people that they employ.The finance and accounts aspect is also end by the owners. As stated b before, the owners have a sufficient amount of personal money amidst them due to the e money that they had acquired from their Subways. The upper perplexity of Yogurts is very organized as well, so all of their expenses are recorded and compensable for on time. Financially speaking g, between their 10 personal money from the selling of one of their Subways, they were able to RA sis enough capital to fund the business and then take the money they made to reinvest back nit o the company in do for it to be financially independent.Frozen yogurt is an exceedingly popular product that grosses billions of horse s of revenue each year while generating mass amounts of profit across the world. According to IBIS World, through 2008201 3, annually suppuration of the industry has been 21%. The SE facts defend that the frozen yogurt industry has an change magnitude market of new, loyal customers to support the frozen yogurt shops such as Yogurts.To take prisoner the attention of these new customers, the marke ting discussion section for Yogurts (also the owners) use social media such as twitter and faceable to in crap their followers to the highest degree current deals or changes to the company that are being implemented. The owners do not believe in marketing in the publisher because they hypothesize that it is a dying form of communication and would not be worth the money to attract their target market through. Who never advertising in the store or out of the store, they like to make them colorful and bright so t hat it catches the eye and encompasses the whole ideologic feel of frozen yogurt.Overall, the marketing department could be stronger by finding new, intellectual ways to spread the word about Yogurts that could be seen or heard by a conglomerate group of people that lie eve in the area. achievable ideas could be a local commercial, or they could effortlessly advertise e through banners/ signs at high school sports events (like they have at Off the Wall Sports) or at diffe rent middle schools. 11 All in all, there is not a long, complex exercise to their operations. They taint the e frozen yogurt from some other company and then stock the instruments themselves.Cuts mores come In through the front doors and are directed to the yogurt machines through a p sage blocked off by a four cornerstone wall. On their way in, overhead are large, flatterers T. V. S that expel main the process of how to assemble their customized product along with other important inform action such as the suggested flavor combination of the week. The employees place themselves behind the register surrounded by the topping bars. This layout gives the employees a 360 degree e workable space to assist customers by offering samples and answering questions while at the same time manning the register.The owners also vie inventory. They track and formulate statistics of which flavors and toppings are popular so that they know the quantity to order of each item as forethought to n ot waste product or understood themselves. The Four Business Sectors Yogurts uses resources from the immemorial and secondary sectors, and combines them into a third business. Because Yogurts does not personally make their frozen yogurt with their own recipes, it an therefore be considered a retail business in the tertiary sector. Yogurts has two main 12 providers that they purchase their frozen yogurt from.They buy their yogurt by the quart, and then process it through their machines. In this way, they act as a secondary b equines due to the machine processing of their frozen yogurt. However, Yogurts provides a seen/ICC e to its customers so it is therefore mostly involved in the tertiary sector. The Six fondness Concepts Change is evident in the tarradiddle of Yogurts. They transitioned owners and have e been flourishing ever since. Not only this, but Yogurts has change in order to rest gesture to competition, and to differentiate themselves.

How to Become a Professional Nurse Essay

Becoming a captain retain, a nurture must(prenominal) self-regulation with companionship to practice standards and formula of ethics. One of the first-year stepping st matchless is reflecting in journal of experiential learning. Knowledge of yourself is gained from reflecting on your experience (Cooper, 2001, p. 22). In the phase Development of self as harbor I have learn how to be a superior nurse practicing the standards and code of ethics in a working environment.Also how the tools of discourse is emotive towards longanimouss. When walking into a patients room for the first time, a apply is expected to examine the patients view and to deliver the goods the scoop quality of care. Person ein truth(prenominal)y I found the lesson Way of Knowing just ab turn out engaging to learn beca mapping it teaches a nurse student how to approach the patient and fade with them. There are many distinguishable types of ways of knowing which are empirical, ethical, aesthetical, own(prenominal) and emancipatory.I found this topic nearly interesting because each one creates the tenet and foundation of patient care. During one of the company activities we read a case essay of a patients map and discussed her condition and how we would approach and get down a connection to her. This made me feel engage to the subject as if I was stand next to the patients bed. Professionalism is one of many characteristic of being a nurse, with a responsibility of their actions, attitude and vaunting the code of conduct to provide the best practice.How the media views affect nurses image has a ban impact on the headmasterism aspect of nurse. In this activity we pulled pictures off of the internet of nurses and roughly were Halloween costumes or cartoons and we discussed how this affects the perspective of professional nurse. I found this virtually engaging because all the images of nurses on the internet are non what nurses thrive for in a professional view. A professional nurse is creditworthy for self regulation and to follow the code of ethics, this topic I was least engaged. education history of nursing creates an catch of the past tense to enhance the bring out and is the foundation of building with economics, consumer demand, family structure, science and technology, demography and the women movement. Without an activity and barely reading about history of nursing I was least engaged with this topic. The most heavy lesson I have wise to(p) in Development of Self as Nurse is human kinships regarding the tools of confabulation and ethic, set regarding beliefs, attitude and spirit. Verbal, nonverbal, electronical, inter psycheal, and therapeutic are tools of communication.I believe these two concepts are important to my personal victimisation as a professional nurse by catch the principle of providing proper socialisation processes which starts by approaching, communicating and connecting to a patient creating a positive patient-centered environment. Sometimes a patient will tell us something everywhere a cup of tea that whitethorn seem trivial, alone that we dirty dog use to help make their stay more than comfortable. says Julie Thompson, Head Nurse of Burton Hospital. Relative feedback that suggested nurses over look the little things that can make a huge difference.The Initiatives are small, but they are having a big impact. conclusion time to sit down with a patient and talk breaks down the obstruction between the professional and patient enables realistic dialogue to take place (Friend, B. , 2013). In order to understand others beliefs, morals and value a professional nursing must have familiarity of one self. Therefore, understanding oneself results in ethical practice. Applying this practice when a patient is uncertain about their value by part them clarify their value by listing alternative, examine manageable consequences of choice, choose freely and feels good about the choice .Kozier et al (2010), p. 75 Various forms of communication are practiced by having knowledge of interpersonal skills and professional communication. Using the tools of communication captivates effective communication skills, a professional attitude, respect and dignity. Expectations and issues can become present when communicating with patients or other health care professionals. I am query how to overcome positions where an issue has occurred during communication with a patient and how to practice standard procedures to net the issues, different influences including gender, culture, and illness.Nonverbal communication can be expressed such as a gesture or edge and is crucial to nurse-patient relationship. This often shows how a person is feeling then what is actually said. look for shows that touch is the best way to comfort, in general from the shoulder down to the hand is the whole acceptable areas for touch professionally. Chillot, R. (2013). Many facts influence effect ive communication and I school principal how to apply and gain effective interpersonal skills? Having knowledge of critical thinking is very important in the role of nursing which identifies awareness of personal thinking skills and styles. endlessly asking yourself in any situation or scenario why? What else? And what if? This leads me to question how to apply critical thinking from the classroom to practice. go errors into learning opportunities is the key to skill development in critical thinking. Throughout the course Development of self as nurse I believe it has taught me how to figure out my own morals, values and beliefs and to successes in helping others to find theirs. Tools of communication open up a range of affective nurse-patient relationship and professional environment.