Firewalls Keeping the vandals from your computers :: Essays Papers

Firewalls Keeping the vandals from your PCs An exploration paper composed by Janice E Chapman for the Cyberculture: Internet Literacy class offered at St Edwards University by Professor Danney Ursery. August 1, 2001. Welcome to the 21st century, consistent Internet access, and programmers. Fortunately every time somebody accomplishes something ruinous with Internet innovation, another person plans something for counter that devastation. Consequently the explanation firewalls were made. All in all, what is a firewall? To put it plainly, it is programming that keeps somebody from getting to your PC, either over a system or the Internet. This product can be arranged to just permit email in, to limit access of known gatecrashers, or to confine all outside traffic. A significant side note is that firewalls are not intended to screen messages or documents for infections and limit only those messages or infections. You would in any case need an infection control system for that. The explanation you ought to shield your PC from outside sneaks is a similar explanation you lock your vehicle or your home. You need to secure your property, and outsiders don?t truly know whether you have anything important to take until they get entrance and glance around. What's more, the Internet has gained notoriety for pulling in malevolent programmers. These are individuals who look for amusement by vandalizing different people?s PCs. They may not search you out explicitly, they coincidentally had a program that haphazardly ?pings? Web convention (IP) addresses until it finds an opened entryway. DSL, ISDN, or T1 lines interface your PC to the Internet and keep that association continually dynamic and the entryway opened. Since you comprehend and see the need to secure your PC, the subsequent stage is to discover firewall programming that fulfills your requirements. This implies no one but you can choose what is directly for you. The Home PC Firewall Guide at http://www.firewallguide.com/offers outsider surveys for little office and home clients. For those clients looking for an increasingly specialized way to deal with comprehension, examining, structuring, and additionally testing firewall security the SANS Institute Information Security Reading Room at http://www.sans.org/infosecFAQ/firewall/norton.htm gives phenomenal articles composed by GIAC-guaranteed experts. As a home client, I discovered Mark Greco?s article on Protecting Yourself with Norton Personal Firewall useful. This bit goes a stage farther and steps you through the establishment and setup of Norton Personal Firewall. Still not persuaded to purchase or download free firewall programming? Consider this.

Concepts and principles of emergency management Essay

Ideas and standards of crisis the board - Essay Example In Australia, most recent insights on auto crashes appear to show that street mishaps are expanding in recurrence; street passings related to such fender benders are additionally expanding. In 2005, Australia previously positioned seventh out of 15 created countries for street passings per 100 million vehicle kilometers voyaged (Fallah, 2007). Crises - are â€Å"incidents that compromise open security, wellbeing and government assistance (Department of Environmental Management, n.d, p. 1). Crises may likewise fluctuate in size, area, causes, and impacts; however paying little heed to contrasts in such components, they all register with different natural impacts. They are likewise characterized by the Emergency Management Institute (n.d) as unforeseen occurrences or occasions which jeopardize lives or property, subsequently requiring pressing and routine reactions through network assets and methods. Models include: street blocking avalanches, long force blackouts, backwoods fires, episodes of maladies, and warmth waves (Central Coast Center Independent Living, n.d). There were two slides in Australia from 1939 to 2007; 28 were murdered and around 101 people were influenced (CRED, 2007). There were 28 rapidly spreading fires from 1939 to 2007 and this caused the passing of around 300 people and harms up to 1.2 million US do llars (CRED, 2007). There was one pandemic from 1939 to 2007. No passings and no harms were accounted for however 6 individuals were influenced (CRED, 2007). Debacles are characterized by Emergency Management Australia (2004, p. ix) as â€Å"a condition or circumstance of critical decimation, interruption as well as pain to a community†. The United Nations (1992) characterize a calamity as â€Å"a genuine interruption of the working of society, causing across the board human, material, or natural misfortunes which surpass the capacity of influenced society to adapt utilizing its own resources† (UN Glossary, 1992).

Pros and Cons of being Malleable

Dirt may be progressively identified with the word pliable rather than metal. The word pliability is characterized for the most part as the property of metal to be formed into the craftsman’s design.The same word can be credited to people however has various implications. Pliant (in human terms) can either mean having the option to adjust to changes or the quality of being affected without any problem. This paper examines about the ramifications of being pliant as it identifies with personality.Pros of being MalleableCharles Darwin should change his hypothesis on development. Endurance isn't about who the most grounded specie is, fairly, endurance is about who can adjust effectively to changes in nature. The constructive side of being pliable implies that an individual can traverse with any impediment that the individual faces.A moldable individual can basically ‘contort’ their character to suit the progressions that occur in their life. Whatever these snags are, being pliable permits us to think of various methodologies on how we can adapt to the changes. A pliant character implies that we are equipped for managing troublesome individuals or circumstances.We may need to change in accordance with maintain a strategic distance from struggle with others. It doesn't really imply that we need to change, recall, the meaning of flexibility isn't to change altogether yet to twist. Here and there, individuals with culture outsider from us become some portion of our lives, in work, school, or even in the family, anyplace in the general public that has a type of association with us.As an indication of regard, we may need to limit ourselves from standing up boisterous about specific practices that we may discover unusual or even off-base. This doesn't imply that we are changing for them. It just implies that we are eager to endure (at a specific degree) new traditions. Being pliable would prove to be useful on movements abroad.Another case while being flexible may prove to be useful is during extreme occasions, it might be monetarily or inwardly. During times of ‘financial drought’ figuring out how to modify is imperative. Cutting superfluous costs is one method of adjusting.Old propensities that utilization cash should be cut. In an enthusiastic sense, changing in accordance with another condition is additionally essential. An untouchable needs to get familiar with the standards of the new condition in the event that the person in question is to move to that new condition. The outcast may need to beat language hindrances, and different parts of culture.Cons of MalleabilityVirtually everything has cons, for this situation, a negative definition. One meaning of flexibility is the quality of being controlled or affected without any problem. This meaning of pliability implies that we let others control our choices, and consequently our lives.Some individuals are too flexible that they barely settle on choices all alone. They permit themselves to be the manikin of others, doing whatever the strings of the puppeteer lets them know as well. This antagonistic meaning of flexibility makes an individual free their character since what characterizes us are the choices we make in our livesConclusionLike most things, being moldable has its advantages and disadvantages. Being pliant can either mean we can modify effectively to life’s difficulties or we let others choose for us. Versatility is key in endurance, the individuals who can adjust the most straightforward endure. While being pliant methods we can acclimate to transforms, it could likewise imply that we can without much of a stretch be manipulated.Referenceâ€Å"malleable.† Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper, Historian. 10 Nov. 2008.<Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/peruse/malleable>.

Philippine Republic Act Essay

With the end goal of the May 11, 1998 decisions, there will be exceptional individuals made out of a fourth part in every area and a COMELEC agent who is approved to work the tallying machine. Both will lead the tallying and recording of votes of the national polling forms in the assigned checking focuses; 8. Political decision returns †a machine-created record indicating the date of the political decision, the territory, region and the area in which it is held and the votes in figures for every competitor in a region legitimately delivered by the tallying machine; 9. Proclamation of votes †a machine-created report containing the votes got by up-and-comers in every region in a city/district; 10. City/civil/area/common endorsement of peddle of votes †a machine-produced record containing the all out votes in figures acquired by every applicant in a city/region/locale/region all things considered; and 11. Checking focus †an open spot assigned by the Commission where tallying of votes and campaigning/combination of results will be led. Sec. 3. Capabilities, rights and restrictions of the extraordinary individuals from the Board of Election Inspectors. No individual will be designated as an exceptional individual from the leading group of political decision overseers except if he/she is of acceptable good character and blameless notoriety, an enlisted voter, has never been indicted for any political race offense or of any wrongdoing deserving of more than six (6) months detainment or on the off chance that he/she has pending against him/her a data for any political decision offense or in the event that he/she is connected inside the fourth affable level of relationship or proclivity to any individual from the leading group of political decision auditors or any extraordinary individual from a similar leading body of Election Inspector or to any possibility for a national position or to a chosen one as a gathering list agent or his/her companion. The extraordinary individuals from the board will appreciate similar rights and be limited by similar impediments and liabilities of a standard individual from the leading body of political decision reviewers yet will not cast a ballot during the procedures of the leading group of political decision monitors with the exception of on issues relating to the national voting form. Sec. 4. Obligations and elements of the unique individuals from the Board of Election Inspectors. †1. During the lead of the democratic in the surveying place, the fourth part will: an) achieve the minutes of deciding in favor of the robotized political decision framework in the region; and (b) guarantee that the national voting forms are set inside the suitable voting booth; 2. On the end of the surveys, the fourth part will bring the polling station containing the national voting forms to the assigned checking focus; 3. Prior to the tallying of votes, the fourth part will check if the quantity of national polling forms counts with the information in the minutes of the democratic; 4. During the tallying of votes, the fourth part and the COMELEC approved agent will mutually achieve the minutes of meaning the computerized political decision framework in the region; 5. After the tallying of votes, the fourth part and the approved agent will mutually: (a) confirm the aftereffects of the checking of national polling forms from the area; and (b) bring the voting booth containing the tallied national voting forms along with the minutes of casting a ballot and tallying, and other political decision records and gear to the city or city treasurer for protection. Sec. 5. Leading group of Canvassers. †For reasons for the May 11, 1998 races, every territory, city or region will have two (2) leading group of campaigners, one for the manual political decision framework under the current law, and the other, for the computerized framework. For the robotized political race framework, the director of the board will be designated by the Commission from among its work force/agents and the individuals from the authorities specified. Position to utilize a robotized political decision framework. To complete the above-expressed strategy, the Commission on Elections, in this alluded to as the Commission, is thus approved to utilize a robotized political race framework, in this alluded to as the System, for the way toward casting a ballot, checking of votes and campaigning/union of aftereffects of the national and neighborhood races: Provided, in any case, That for the May 11, 1998 races, the System will be pertinent in all zones inside the nation just for the places of president, VP, congresspersons and gatherings, associations or alliances taking part under the gathering list framework. To accomplish the motivation behind this Act, the Commission is approved to get by buy, rent or in any case any provisions, hardware, materials and administrations required for the holding of the decisions by a sped up procedure of open offering of merchants, providers or lessors: Provided, That the certify ideological groups are ap propriately told of and permitted to watch yet not to take an interest in the offering. In the event that, inspite of its constant endeavors to execute this command in the activity of this power, it gets clear by February 9, 1998 that the Commission can't completely actualize the robotized political race framework for national situations in the May 11, 1998 races, the races for both national and nearby positions will be done physically aside from in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) where the computerized political race framework will be utilized for all positions. Sec. 7. Highlights of the framework. †The System will use fitting innovation for casting a ballot, and electronic gadgets for tallying of votes and peddling of results. For this reason, the Commission will secure mechanized checking machines, PC hardware, gadgets and materials and receive new structures and printing materials. The System will contain the accompanying highlights: (an) utilization of proper voting forms, (b) independent machine which can check votes and a robotized framework which can merge the outcomes quickly, (c) with arrangements for review trails, (d) least human mediation, and (e) sufficient defend/safety efforts. Likewise, the System will the extent that practicable have the accompanying highlights: 1. It must be easy to use and need not require PC proficient administrators; 2. The machine security must be implicit and multi-layer existent on equipment and programming with least human mediation utilizing most recent innovation like scrambled coding framework; 3. The security key control must be inserted inside the machine fixed against human mediation; 4. The Optical Mark Reader (OMR) must have a worked in printer for numbering the tallied voting forms and furthermore for printing the individual area number on the checked polling forms; 5. The voting form paper for the OMR tallying machine must be of the quality that passed the worldwide standard like ISO-1831, JIS-X-9004 or its comparable for optical character acknowledgment; 6. The polling form feeder must be programmed; 7. The machine must have the option to tally from 100 to 150 polling forms for each moment; 8. The checking machine must have the option to recognize phony or fake voting forms and should have a phony polling form rejector; 9. The checking machine must have the option to recognize and dismiss recently tallied polling forms to forestall duplication; 10. The checking machine must have the capacity to perceive the ballot’s singular region and city or district before tallying or solidifying the votes; 11. The System must have a printer that has the ability to print in one stroke or activity seven (7) duplicates (unique in addition to six (6) duplicates) of the combined reports on carbonless paper; 12. The printer must have at any rate 128 kilobytes of Random Access Memory (RAM) to encourage the speedy preparing of the printing of the combined reports; 13. The machine must have a worked in floppy circle drive so as to spare the prepared information on a diskette; 14. The machine should likewise have a worked in hard plate to store the tallied and merged information for future printout and confirmation; 15. The machine must be temperature-safe and rust-evidence; 16. The optical focal point of the OMR must have a self-cleaning gadget; 17. The machine must not be equipped for being associated with outer PC peripherals for the procedure of vote combination; 18. The machine must have a Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS); 19. The machine must be went with working manuals that will direct the staff of the Commission the best possible use and upkeep of the machine; 20. It must be so structured and constructed that additional items may promptly be joined into the System at least cost; 21. It must give the most brief time expected to finish the tallying of votes and soliciting of the aftereffects of the political race; 22. The machine must have the option to create merged reports like the political race return, proclamation of votes and endorsement of solicit at various levels; and 23. The precision of the tally must be ensured, the room for give and take must be revealed and sponsored by guarantee under such terms and conditions as might be controlled by the Commission. In the acquirement of this framework, the Commission will receive an evenhanded arrangement of findings or negative marks for deviations or inadequacies in meeting all the above expressed highlights and guidelines. For this reason, the Commission will make an Advisory Council to be made out of specialized specialists from the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), the Information Technology Foundation of the Philippines (ITFP), the University of the Philippines (UP), and two (2) agents from the private area suggested by the Philippine Computer Society (PCS). The Council may benefit itself of the aptitude and administrations of asset people of known ability and honesty. The Commission in a joint effort with the DOST will build up a free Technical Ad Hoc Evaluation Committee, in this known as the Committee, made out of a delegate each from the Senate, House of Representatives. The Committee will confirm that the System is working appropriately and precisely and that the machines h

What Are the Benefits of Earning an IB Diploma?

In past posts on the blog , you may have seen that when we talk about AP courses and tests , we once in a while notice another abbreviation that may not sound as recognizable to you: IB. This represents International Baccalaureate , and speaks to another progressed instructive choice for secondary school understudies that exists nearby the AP program. While the IB program isn’t as well known as the AP program in the United States, it can be an advantageous choice for the individuals who approach it. Specifically, winning an IB certificate, which necessitates that you take certain courses and satisfy extra scholarly and extracurricular commitments, can be an amazing capability to add to your resume. Peruse on for more data about the IB Diploma Program and how an IB certificate can improve both your secondary school understanding and your school possibilities. Universal Baccalaureate is an overall association that directs various diverse instructive projects for understudies ages 3 to 19. Its educational plans are utilized by uniquely prepared instructors at affirmed schools all through the world, and it values giving â€Å"rigorous, great education† to its understudies. The most recognizable IB program to secondary school understudies in the United States is the IB Diploma Program, or IBDP, which is offered to understudies between the ages of 16 and 19. At the point when you catch wind of â€Å"IB courses† being offered at a secondary school, it implies that that school has been confirmed to offer the IBDP. (Understudies might have the option to take some IB courses without joining up with the full IBDP educational plan.) Somehow or another, the IB program is like the AP programâ€it’s a route for secondary school understudies to take progressed, thorough courses. In any case, there are two principle contrasts. For a certain something, the IB program is considerably less famous than the AP program among secondary schools in the United States, and you since you can’t self-study IB courses, its accessibility is constrained. Also, the IB program is unquestionably progressively centered around introducing a firm generally educational program with explicit necessities that comes full circle in a recognition. While the AP program offers a comparable choice in the AP Capstone Diploma , most understudies don’t approach the AP program in that manner. For a progressively nitty gritty clarification of the International Baccalaureate association, and particularly the IB Diploma Program, look at the Beginner’s Guide to the International Baccalaureate Program . The IBDP is a two-year scholastic program that, as we’ve referenced, is available to understudies matured 16 to 19â€in different words, secondary school understudies. Upon effectively finishing the program and every one of its necessities, understudies can gain the IB confirmation, which is a noteworthy qualification for school applications and different purposes. Scholastically, the IBDP expects understudies to take courses and breeze through tests in six explicit branches of knowledge. Three or four of these subjects must be taken at the all the more testing â€Å"Higher† level, while the rest can be taken at the â€Å"Standard† level. Notwithstanding this coursework, the IBDP has three progressively significant prerequisites. To start with, understudies must compose a long article dependent on free research. Second, understudies must take a Theory of Knowledge course, which covers basic reasoning and epistemology. Third, understudies must take an interest in a specific number and scope of extracurricular exercises. Acquiring the IB certificate implies that you’ve done considerably more than take a couple IB courses. Rather, you’ve attempted a specific sort of secondary school training that is intended to show you history, math, and different subjects, yet additionally how to more readily break down and comprehend the data you’ll experience in school and past. Alongside this expressed reason, an IB confirmation can be an advantage for you in various manners, particularly as you take on the school affirmations process. Underneath, we’ll turn out a portion of the fundamental advantages of progressing in the direction of and getting an IB confirmation. Our Early Advising Program helps understudies in ninth and tenth grade find their interests and manufacture solid scholarly and extracurricular profiles to prevail in secondary school. The IBDP is notable all through the world for the high caliber of the coursework it offers. The quality of the IB educational plan, just as the broad preparing that IB instructors and school heads are required to experience, help the program to keep up this exclusive expectation. The regard that the IBDP appreciates implies that regardless of where you go, schools will comprehend and emphatically see the exertion you’ve put into acquiring your IB certificate. School confirmations officials specifically will be acquainted with the program’s notoriety, making an IB certificate an astounding method of showing your scholastic ability. Solid execution in school is, obviously, a significant segment of what serious universities search for in candidates. This is commonly spoken to in your application by your GPA , transcript, and class rank. Be that as it may, since each secondary school is extraordinary, universities can’t consistently be certain what your evaluations really mean contrasted with those of different candidates. Projects like the IBDP help schools to assess candidates by giving a solitary educational plan that’s utilized around the world, permitting confirmations officials to all the more correctly survey your exhibition. Since this program is known to be thorough, doing admirably in your IB courses and gaining your IB confirmation shows to schools that you’re an unbiasedly solid understudy. Acquiring an IB confirmation likewise shows you’re ready to take on exceptional scholastic difficulties. You’ve picked to go past the run of the mill secondary school educational program and seek after an objective that solicits more from you, remembering considerable free work for subjects based on your very own preference. This is something that each serious school esteems. As we’ve referenced, the IB program is less famous and notable in the United States than, for instance, the AP program. You should take IB courses at an affirmed high schoolâ€self-considering isn't allowedâ€which limits the quantity of understudies who can take an interest. The cost and preparing required to get guaranteed as an IB school can likewise add to its relative irregularity at secondary schools. What this implies for you is that in the event that you have an IB certificate, you’ll be among a generally little segment of the school candidate pool with this capability.  This differentiation shows that you’ve taken on scholarly difficulties, however done as such through a program that’s generally known to be trustworthy and thorough and require a decent arrangement of autonomous work from its alumni. Few out of every odd understudy can present such an esteemed capability when they round out their school applications, and this relative uniqueness is a favorable position. Notwithstanding the curiosity of IB cooperation itself, certain components of the IB Diploma Program may offer you the chance to do particularly intriguing and unique scholastic work that will give you extra opportunities to separate yourself from different candidates. As we referenced, you’re required to finish a generous free research venture so as to get your IB recognition. Your decision of point for this task can say a ton regarding you, and your capacity to deal with the difficulties of free work and make something genuinely unique will render you an interesting and conspicuous up-and-comer come application season. One specific advantage of the IB program is that it tends to be valuable in the school application process, yet in addition once you get to school. Like AP test results , your IB courses can once in a while be utilized by universities to decide position and credit. Contingent upon your school, you might have the option to be put in more elevated level courses because of your IB experience, or you may get credit through and through for your IB courses, which can empower you to set aside time and cash in getting your degree. Colorado and Texas have even passed laws requiring universities in those states to grant school acknowledge to understudies for IB recognitions. In the event that you’re keen on going to school outside the United States full-time (instead of on a transient premise as an investigation abroad understudy), an IB recognition might be especially helpful to you. Since different nations have distinctive scholastic frameworks and pathways to an advanced degree, it tends to be hard for understudies from the US to get access. The global acknowledgment of the IB certificate can assist with overcoming this issue. A few instances of nations that acknowledge the IB recognition for entrance into colleges are France, Spain, Italy, India, and Turkey. Furthermore, a few colleges offer grants explicitly for IB certificate holders. While every nation and school has extra necessities you’ll need to meet, an IB recognition can be of extraordinary assistance simultaneously. At long last, beside school confirmations concerns, getting your IB certificate can essentially be an exceptionally fulfilling scholarly involvement with its own right. The IB program is structured not exclusively to furnish you with thorough course content, yet in addition to assist you with figuring out how to think, examine, and fundamentally consider materials in the way that your school will in the long run anticipate. The free ventures that are a piece of the IB educational plan can be charming also. Some secondary school understudies don’t get numerous chances to concentrate their energies on the subjects they think about intriguing. Contemplating a subject that truly moves you can draw out your scholarly best such that your every day classwork may not. Experiencing the full IB Diploma Program isn’t for everybody, and as we referenced, it isn’t accessible all over the place. On the off chance that you approach this choice, in any case, it tends to be a solid expansion to your school application profile just as a guide to your scholarly turn of events. You can discover more guidance

The Broke Persons Guide to Dating

The Broke Persons Guide to Dating The Broke Persons Guide to Dating The Broke Persons Guide to DatingThere are a lot of problems with dating that we cant help you with. But when it comes to dating on the cheap, we totally got you.Dating would be hard, even if it was free. While apps have made it easier than ever to flip through a series of pictures of people who might want to date you, there’s little guarantee that they will, or that you’ll want to date them either. Plus, they might not even be the person that their profile suggests!But one thing dating definitely isn’t: free. Unless you’re planning a romantic evening of sitting in your own respective homes and not leaving, you’re going to have to spend some money. So how can you date if you’re broke?Well, we spoke to the experts and got the answers to that very question. Read on, you rent-conscious romantic. Cheaper chow.Whether it’s dinner, lunch, coffee, drinks, or the popcorn at the movies, most dates will probably have some kind of eating or drinking involved. And that can get pric ey pretty quickly, as anyone who regularly eats out will attest.So if you can cut down on food costs you’ll be on your way to a more affordable dating life. But cheaper food doesn’t have to mean worse dates!“Go for a stroll at a picturesque trail and stop at a spot for a picnic,” suggested Holly Wolf, Director of Customer Engagement for  SOLO Laboratories (@SOLO_labs). “This works in ANY  season. Winterâ€"a nice thermos of hot soup and hot coffee/tea along with the sandwiches or salads. It shows you put some thought into the idea and walking and talking feels so natural.”She also suggested scheduling the date earlier in the day: “Take him/her to breakfast or lunch instead of dinner. Breakfast is ideal since you can spend an hour or more and then have the rest of the day free. Or, if its going well, you can linger.”And Wolf wasn’t the only one to suggest going the picnic route.“Getting creative with food is always key,” recommended Amy Hartle, one of half of th e travel blog Two Drifters (@twodriftersxo). “Dining out or drinking out is probably the leading way that money gets spent when dating. These activities are expensive.Fortunately, you can put together an amazing meal at home or an elegant picnic that seems ultra-luxurious but costs less than $30. Cheese, fruit, a baguette, and a mid-tier bottle of prosecco? Pick a beautiful spot and youve got an affordable date that will knock the socks off your date. Bonus: a picnic gives you more privacy than a crowded restaurant, so you can spend more time chatting and getting to know one another.”It’s also vital to learn to cook if you don’t already know how.“Learn to cook for your dates at your place,” advised speaker and relationship expert Spike Spencer (@spikespencer). “You can do amazing things and have all the benefits of a dinner date x 10! Check out Dont Kill Your Date (and Other Cooking Tips) for ideas.”Local gems.Okay, so you’ve eaten, but now you want some other acti vities to do. If you keep an eye out, you can probably find things nearby that are affordable and will provide you the opportunity for nice momentsâ€"whether you’re meeting someone for the first time or have already started to build a connection.“Visit your local visitor and convention bureau sites,” Wolf told us. “Find those historical sites you havent visited since you were a kid or perhaps never visited. Mini golf is also a fun and casual way to do something while youre getting to know the person, although the season is ending in the North.”“There are hundreds of free things going on around your neighborhood,” explained Spencer. “You just have to find themâ€"free museum nights, free movie screenings, interesting free talks/seminars. Take your date there. Use your surroundings. Live in an apartment in the city? Got a rooftop view? Have some wine up there. Live near the woods? Take a walk. Use what you have to the fullest.”He also advised the discreet use of deal sites: “Utilize social deal sites, Groupon style. You dont have to advertise that you got a deal on the cheap.”It’s the thought.It sounds cliche, but it really is the thought that counts. Whether it’s showing someone that you can do something creative and meaningful early on, or finding ways to show you really know the person once you’ve grown closer, money doesn’t have to be the main factor in making a good date.Here’s what  Tina B. Tessina (@tinatessina), PhD, psychotherapist and author of How to Be Happy Partners: Working It Out Together, told us: “Contrary to what the commercials and media stories would like you to believe, romance doesnt depend on spending money.Instead, get more creative and thoughtful about what really brings you closer together. You can have a great, warm, intimate conversation on your porch over a sandwich and beer. You can walk arm in arm through the park or you can sit on your sofa and gaze into each others eyes.Whats important is listenin g to each other. A shared joke is more important than a fancy restaurant. A sympathetic hug is very bonding. A picnic, homemade dessert after a little theater production, a college ball game, or a free gallery opening can all be lovely, cheap dates. For an extra touch of intimacy, make your romantic moments and gestures private ones.”Don’t let your wallet keep you from finding the person of your dreams. Or even just someone you enjoy spending time with. To learn more about saving money while living your best life, check out these related posts from OppLoans:Here’s How to Save on Movies Now That MoviePass is Probably DoneThe (Comprehensive) Couple’s Guide To BudgetingHow to Save Money on Pet AdoptionHow to Crown a Fantasy Football Winner on the CheapWhat are your best tips for money-savvy romance? We want to hear from you! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.ContributorsAmy Hartle is a freelance writer and blogger living in Vermont. Alongside her husband Nathan, she i s the co-founder of a couples travel and lifestyle blog,  Two Drifters (@twodriftersxo), where she writes about relationships, travel destinations, and inspiration for couples adventures.Spike Spencer  (@spikespencer)  is an internationally recognized authority on Relationship Sales Dynamics, bridging the gap between business and dating relationships. He is a public speaker, author, executive consultant, certified near-linguistic programming (NLP) coach, and a certified and licensed B.A.N.K. trainer for business and relationships. His fun dating/relationships website, DontKillYourDate.com, is a site helping guys become better MEN, constantly improving themselves, and their communications with women; utilizing cooking, food, travel, humor and adventure as the medium. Spike has been featured in Mens Health, USA Today, Paste, Your Tango, and more, and has written for Neil Strauss, Singles Warehouse (as an Expert), Carlos Xuma, and more.Tina B. Tessina (@tinatessina), PhD, (aka “Dr. R omance”) is a psychotherapist and author of  How to Be Happy Partners: Working It Out Together.Holly Wolf is an executive with over 30 years experience in banking and healthcare.

The Broke Persons Guide to Dating

The Broke Persons Guide to Dating The Broke Persons Guide to Dating The Broke Persons Guide to DatingThere are a lot of problems with dating that we cant help you with. But when it comes to dating on the cheap, we totally got you.Dating would be hard, even if it was free. While apps have made it easier than ever to flip through a series of pictures of people who might want to date you, there’s little guarantee that they will, or that you’ll want to date them either. Plus, they might not even be the person that their profile suggests!But one thing dating definitely isn’t: free. Unless you’re planning a romantic evening of sitting in your own respective homes and not leaving, you’re going to have to spend some money. So how can you date if you’re broke?Well, we spoke to the experts and got the answers to that very question. Read on, you rent-conscious romantic. Cheaper chow.Whether it’s dinner, lunch, coffee, drinks, or the popcorn at the movies, most dates will probably have some kind of eating or drinking involved. And that can get pric ey pretty quickly, as anyone who regularly eats out will attest.So if you can cut down on food costs you’ll be on your way to a more affordable dating life. But cheaper food doesn’t have to mean worse dates!“Go for a stroll at a picturesque trail and stop at a spot for a picnic,” suggested Holly Wolf, Director of Customer Engagement for  SOLO Laboratories (@SOLO_labs). “This works in ANY  season. Winterâ€"a nice thermos of hot soup and hot coffee/tea along with the sandwiches or salads. It shows you put some thought into the idea and walking and talking feels so natural.”She also suggested scheduling the date earlier in the day: “Take him/her to breakfast or lunch instead of dinner. Breakfast is ideal since you can spend an hour or more and then have the rest of the day free. Or, if its going well, you can linger.”And Wolf wasn’t the only one to suggest going the picnic route.“Getting creative with food is always key,” recommended Amy Hartle, one of half of th e travel blog Two Drifters (@twodriftersxo). “Dining out or drinking out is probably the leading way that money gets spent when dating. These activities are expensive.Fortunately, you can put together an amazing meal at home or an elegant picnic that seems ultra-luxurious but costs less than $30. Cheese, fruit, a baguette, and a mid-tier bottle of prosecco? Pick a beautiful spot and youve got an affordable date that will knock the socks off your date. Bonus: a picnic gives you more privacy than a crowded restaurant, so you can spend more time chatting and getting to know one another.”It’s also vital to learn to cook if you don’t already know how.“Learn to cook for your dates at your place,” advised speaker and relationship expert Spike Spencer (@spikespencer). “You can do amazing things and have all the benefits of a dinner date x 10! Check out Dont Kill Your Date (and Other Cooking Tips) for ideas.”Local gems.Okay, so you’ve eaten, but now you want some other acti vities to do. If you keep an eye out, you can probably find things nearby that are affordable and will provide you the opportunity for nice momentsâ€"whether you’re meeting someone for the first time or have already started to build a connection.“Visit your local visitor and convention bureau sites,” Wolf told us. “Find those historical sites you havent visited since you were a kid or perhaps never visited. Mini golf is also a fun and casual way to do something while youre getting to know the person, although the season is ending in the North.”“There are hundreds of free things going on around your neighborhood,” explained Spencer. “You just have to find themâ€"free museum nights, free movie screenings, interesting free talks/seminars. Take your date there. Use your surroundings. Live in an apartment in the city? Got a rooftop view? Have some wine up there. Live near the woods? Take a walk. Use what you have to the fullest.”He also advised the discreet use of deal sites: “Utilize social deal sites, Groupon style. You dont have to advertise that you got a deal on the cheap.”It’s the thought.It sounds cliche, but it really is the thought that counts. Whether it’s showing someone that you can do something creative and meaningful early on, or finding ways to show you really know the person once you’ve grown closer, money doesn’t have to be the main factor in making a good date.Here’s what  Tina B. Tessina (@tinatessina), PhD, psychotherapist and author of How to Be Happy Partners: Working It Out Together, told us: “Contrary to what the commercials and media stories would like you to believe, romance doesnt depend on spending money.Instead, get more creative and thoughtful about what really brings you closer together. You can have a great, warm, intimate conversation on your porch over a sandwich and beer. You can walk arm in arm through the park or you can sit on your sofa and gaze into each others eyes.Whats important is listenin g to each other. A shared joke is more important than a fancy restaurant. A sympathetic hug is very bonding. A picnic, homemade dessert after a little theater production, a college ball game, or a free gallery opening can all be lovely, cheap dates. For an extra touch of intimacy, make your romantic moments and gestures private ones.”Don’t let your wallet keep you from finding the person of your dreams. Or even just someone you enjoy spending time with. To learn more about saving money while living your best life, check out these related posts from OppLoans:Here’s How to Save on Movies Now That MoviePass is Probably DoneThe (Comprehensive) Couple’s Guide To BudgetingHow to Save Money on Pet AdoptionHow to Crown a Fantasy Football Winner on the CheapWhat are your best tips for money-savvy romance? We want to hear from you! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.ContributorsAmy Hartle is a freelance writer and blogger living in Vermont. Alongside her husband Nathan, she i s the co-founder of a couples travel and lifestyle blog,  Two Drifters (@twodriftersxo), where she writes about relationships, travel destinations, and inspiration for couples adventures.Spike Spencer  (@spikespencer)  is an internationally recognized authority on Relationship Sales Dynamics, bridging the gap between business and dating relationships. He is a public speaker, author, executive consultant, certified near-linguistic programming (NLP) coach, and a certified and licensed B.A.N.K. trainer for business and relationships. His fun dating/relationships website, DontKillYourDate.com, is a site helping guys become better MEN, constantly improving themselves, and their communications with women; utilizing cooking, food, travel, humor and adventure as the medium. Spike has been featured in Mens Health, USA Today, Paste, Your Tango, and more, and has written for Neil Strauss, Singles Warehouse (as an Expert), Carlos Xuma, and more.Tina B. Tessina (@tinatessina), PhD, (aka “Dr. R omance”) is a psychotherapist and author of  How to Be Happy Partners: Working It Out Together.Holly Wolf is an executive with over 30 years experience in banking and healthcare.

Poverty eradication greatest moral challenge of current century - Free Essay Example

Poverty eradication is the greatest moral challenge of current century. There are more than three billion human beings in the world live in debasing poverty. Islamic societies are much worse than the rest of the world in the issue of addressing the poverty problem. The Islamic world has over 1.2 billion people, extending from Senegal to the Far East, comprising six regions: North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Except for a fistful of states in Southeast Asia and the Middle East, there are high and rising poverty levels in both urban and rural regions of most Muslim countries. Poverty levels have also associated with high inequality along with low productivity. In Indonesia alone which is the worlds largest Muslim population, almost half of the local populations, about 129 million people are poor or vulnerable to poverty with level of incomes less than only $2 a day. Bangladesh and Pakistan comprise 122 million people and followed by India at almost 100 million Muslims under poverty line. Usually debt or loan is central cause to the difficulties faced by the poor people. The Islamic response to eliminating this problem is to make free interest and collateral loans available to the po or people. Since Islamic rules require borrowers and lenders of the capital to share the risk of profit or loss equally, loans are made on a profit/loss sharing basis. Islamic banks, which are the main source of loans, have a significant responsibility in facing the credit needs of the poor people. Unfortunately, Islamic banks are often not meeting these needs. As an alternative, an innovative and broadly utilized way to meet the financing needs of the poor was innovated and created by Muhammad Yunus, an Economist from Bangladesh. yunus begun the Grameen Bank, a microcrdit organization. Microcredit involves providing small collateral-free loans to poor people who have a powerful desire to start a business and make a good living for themselves and their families. Such people are usually denied loans from conventional banks because they have no valuable assets that could be collateralized. Conventional banks and conventional microfinance institutions usually consider these people a s high-risk borrowers or customers and do not supply them financing. Yunus believes that the poor are bankable and providing credit available to the poor not only improves their live, but it also could overcome the poverty problem and thus increase the welfare of the community as a whole. However, his organization charges interest for loans. While the subject of charging interest is obvious and significant difference between Islamic banking and conventional microfinance institutions. In this paper, I argue that this difference is not insurmountable and there are significant ideological and practical links between Islamic banks and microfinance institution. These links have not been clearly established in the literature and I believe these are important to detail so that more services can be giving and offering to the poor in Islamic states. In this paper, I first describe Islamic banking and microfinancing, then develop a link between Islamic banking and microfinancing, and final ly show how participation in micro enterprises by Islamic banks would help the poor and the society as a whole. Along time, Islamic financial services industry have expanded well beyond the Islamic world and are not offered only by Islamic banks, but also by Islamic windows of financial institutions. Islamic financial services industry are currently exists in India, Japan, china, Germany, Luxembourg, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, the United States and Canada. The United Kingdom, which was ranked tenth on The Bankers list of Top 15 Countries by Sharia-compliant Assets in 2007, has recently announced its aim to make London a global centre for financial markets in the Muslim world. Research Problem Microfinance Institutions believe that the rural poor and even the urban poor can greatly benefit from Microfinance and the services it offers. The implication of these concepts is taking care of those who cannot be taken care of by the market, who cannot play with economic forces or do not have access to economic means to enable them to exploit the economic opportunities around them (Khan 1997, pp. 12-13). Microfinance, as defined by the Grameen Foundation in Bangladesh, consists of making small loans, usually less than $200, to individuals, usually women, to establish or expand a small, self-sustaining business. It also serves as the financial channel for the poor and helps them to increase household income and economic security. Ultimately, the goal of microfinance is to give low income-people an opportunity to become self-sufficient by providing a means of saving money, borrowing money and insurance thus, giving these group of people a chance to be part of the financial syst em (www.grameenfoundation.org). Micro financing involves making small collateral-free loans to poor people who have a strong desire to start a business and make a good living for themselves and their families. These people are usually denied loans by conventional banks because they have no valuable tangible assets that could be used as collateral. Conventional banks usually consider these people as high-risk customers and deny them credit. mohammed Yunus(founder of grameen bank) believes that the poor are bankable and making credit available to the poor not only improves their livelihood, but it also could increase the welfare of the community as a whole. However, his system of microfinancing charges interest for loans. The issue of charging interest is a core difference between Islamic banking and conventional microfinance. In this paper I will discuss the credit risk issue in conventional microfinance since the poor do not have valuable tangible asset so can be collateralize d as well as Islamic banking and its tools and instruments to overcome the credit risk as an alternative. I also argue that this difference is not insurmountable and there are important ideological and practical links between Islamic banking and conventional microfinance. Both systems are committed to the creation of a just society using distinctively Islamic practices that encourage entrepreneurship and risk sharing. Background of study In retrospect, Prophet Muhammad (pboh) was one of the poor and then became a successful merchant for many years before he became a prophet. This was mainly due to the microfinance capital for his ventures that was provided on a PLS based on mudarabah by a wealthy widow, Khadijah, who later became his wife. Business, with its associated risks, was basic to the arab economy. The poor will remain poor, not because they are dull but because they do not have opportunity to access to capital. said a Friedman (www.scribd.com). This is precisely the primary function of Microfinance, which is to give the poor chance to access to financial services. In addition, this will help also creating domestic financial markets that meet poors financial needs. Microfinance appeared since years and decades ago. There were many informal savings and credit institutions established in many parts of the world. These include the susus of Ghana, chit funds in India, tandas in Mexico, arisan in Indonesia , cheetu in Sri Lanka, tontines in West Africa, and pasanaku in Bolivia, as well as numerous savings clubs and burial societies found all over the world. (www.globalenvision.org). Indonesian Government has promoted Islamic microfinance. In 2002, Bank Indonesia prepared a Blueprint of Islamic Banking Development in Indonesia, in which it presented a decade plan for the development of the Islamic finance industry, including support for the 105 sharia rural banks. Indonesia now facilitates a supportive regulatory framework and has licensed 35 new Islamic banks five years ago. Bank of Indonesia is also doing efforts in capacity building by establishing a centre in Medan to offer training in and certification on Islamic financial operations to sharia rural bank staff, managers and directors. About 80 percent of Pakistan people are poor according to the Economic Survey 2005-2006 (defined as exceedingly poor, ultra poor, poor, vulnerable poor). The number of people in the lowest thre e of these income categories is more than 36 million yet according to a USAID study, only 600,000 of Pakistan people were received microfinance in 2005. However this is meaningful growth from only 60,000 in 1999, it leaves countless people out. While other people not using microfinance are just not interested in it, many may affect out of conventional microfinance due to its reliance on interest-based financing, which is prohibited by Islam as usury. The central Bank of Pakistan, which has a legal and regulatory framework in place for conventional microfinance institutions, also developed guidelines in 2007 for the rapid expansion of Islamic microfinance. The guidelines stipulated four types of institutional arrangements for offering Islamic microfinance, i.e., via: (i) the creation of Islamic microfinance banks, (ii) Islamic banks, (iii) conventional banks and (iv) conventional microfinance banks. The guidelines set forth requirements regarding licensing, appointment of sharia a dvisers to rule on sharia compliance, and segregation of Islamic product funds (and related documentation) by banks and MFIs that offer both conventional and sharia-compliant products. As a result of the microfinance industry growths from humble outset in Bangladesh and Latin America to an industry with broad global scope, there were a growing hard work to create and facilitate an Islamic model of microfinance. An Islamic model of microfinance represents a new paradigm of social adventure in which profit and loss sharing (pls) replaces interest-based mode of financing. The growth of Islamic microfinance has led organizations such as the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), a multilateral organization distributing knowledge about microfinance, and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) to start understanding this new model to alleviate the poverty. The earliest microfinance institution founded in the early 1720 was the Irish Loan Fund System established by Jonathan Swift, an author and a nationalist. This lead many institution to be founded in all Ireland approximately 300 funds. After an enactment law in 1823 allowing charity institutions to be legal financial intermediaries providing financial services to Irish people. And thus, this system spilled over to Europe and many parts of the world. Yunus, the founder of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh which was founded in 1983, has begun an action project paper on the viability of creating a credit system to provide financial services to the poor. Together with his students, started targeting villages of poor people, especially women, by providing loans and encouraging them to participate in financial services that will help them to improve their lives. By giving free collateral loans to the poor, Yunus created a verbal contract to be settled within 52 weeks with very law interest than what the local loans providers charged. By December 2009, it has 7.97 million borrowers 97 % of them are women. With 2,562 branches, Grameen Bank provides services in 83,458 villages. It covers more than 100 % of the total villages in Bangladesh. And, its methods have become the cornerstone of the microcredit industry (www.grameen-info.org). Microfinance market grew out of experiments in Asia and Latin America however; the best known was started in Bangladesh in 1976 and this following the wide-spread starvation in mid 1974. Backers argue that the microfinance has helped to alleviate the poverty, improved education levels, and generated millions of small enterprises. Theory of microfinance has been nowadays spread worldwide. In the other hand, the existence of Islamic banks was in early 1960s and it has been in a consistent phase. In 1963, the Mit Ghamr Saving Bank was established in Egypt. Few years later in 1971, the Mit Ghamr Saving Bank was affiliated into a new government institution which is under government supervision, the Nasser Social Bank. A major expansion in Islamic banking activities started in the 1970s. The enlargement and development of Islamic banks is mainly due to the petrol revenue upturn in the Gulf area and the growing economic scale of the more conservative Muslim countries of the Gulf area [Wilson 2000]. In 1970s, many of Islamic banks were set up including the initiative of the Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC) that established the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) in 1975s. Within the same period, Jordan Islamic Bank, Dubai Islamic Bank, Kuwait Finance House, and Faisal Islamic Bank in Egypt were established. In 1978, the Islamic Banking System International Holding was established in Luxembourg. This was the first Islamic financial institution on the West. The rapid development of Islamic banking worldwide depicts that the extension of Islamic banking was not only restricted to the Middle East but it has also attention of its international aspects. The enlargement of Islamic banks continued in the late 1980s, where the Islamic Bank Intern ational was established in Denmark, Dar al-Mal al-Islami established in Switzerland, and Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad was established in 1983, in Malaysia and followed by Qatar Islamic Bank. In 1990s,in 1992 the Indonesian government took the initiative to establish the first Indonesian Islamic bank which is Bank Muamalat. Research Objective The objective of this research is to examine the viability of Islamic banking principles to provide microfinance facilities in the interest-based economy which contradicts with the Islamic financial system as well as examination the link between Islamic banking and microfinance. The examination will be carried out through the general framework of Islamic financial principles and guidelines.This objective is achieved by studying Various applications of Islamic banks and microfinance institutions, analyze their products, and then explain the Shariah rules in their regard. In order to achieve that, the study gives the conventional definition of microfinance through studying its historical emergence and spreading. The study also describes the primary components and significance of the Islamic Banking System explaining its position in the Islamic Law, as well as the similarities and differences between the two concepts. In an attempt to resolve some of the differences between the Islami c Financial Institutions and microfinance institutions regarding uses of interest based loans microfinance System, the study provides some solutions by giving the view of the majority to the issue. Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Unlimited number of studies and researches on poverty indicates that exclusion of the poor from the financial system leads to their inability to improve their lives. At the moment, nearly three billion people in developing countries have little or no access to formal financial services. This problem is well addressed and since, Microfinance has been a powerful poverty alleviation tool in the globe. In the end of 2007, the microfinance institutions are serving about 80 million people in developing countries (Obaidullah and Khan, 2008). Among the most complete researches on this topic, Dhumale and Sapcanin (1999) have outlined a technical note in which they attempted to explain and analyze how to make combination between Islamic banking system with microfinance. They have took into their consideration the three main instruments of Islamic finance which are (musharakah, murabaha and mudharaba) trying to apply them as instruments and tools to design a successful microfinance project . In (2004) Range, underlined in his paper how the prohibition of Riba in Islamic financial system does not make any obstacle in building up microfinance products, in the other hand the side effects of Islamic principles could probably enhance it, and thus the high rate of return (profit rate) compared to a fixed interest rate. Some Islamic researchers developed economic reasons to illustrate the ban on interest as well. Among those, Annan(1986) who argued that interest could prevent and cause full employment by adding incremental cost to production, and thus higher cost of production could prevent producers hiring more workers which typically lead to high unemployment. Sinclair,( 2001); Kempson and Whyley,( 2000) mentioned that one of the primary reasons for economic and social inequality is financial exclusion. Disadvantaged and poor have excluded from access to financial services and capital especially affordable credit (Whyley and Brooker, 2004). As a consequence poo r could remain in the cycle of poverty for long period of time and could be forever. Shahinpoor (2008) found that debt is usually central to the difficulties faced by the poor people. The Islamic financial system response to eliminating or mitigating this difficulty is to make interest free loans and collateral available to the poor. Since Islam requires borrowers and lenders to share the risk of profit or loss equitably, loans are made on a profit/loss sharing basis. Islamic banks, which are the main source of loans, have an important role in meeting the credit needs of the poor and in encouraging and promoting their welfare. Unlikely, Islamic banks are often not meeting these obligations. One of the proposed solutions to overcome this problem is microfinancing, first microcredit institution introduced by Muhammad Yunus, an economist in Bangladesh, in the early 1970s. Yunus started a bank called the Grameen (village) Bank of Microfinance (Hussain et al., 2001). The bank was s tarted based on Yunus belief that credit is a powerful weapon and poor peoples access to credit is crucial for building a just and ethical society where people live with dignity and hope for their future. Yunus (1997) argues that credit unlocks the door to all other important human rights: food, shelter, education, and health care. Some authors such as Al-Harran (1990, 1996, 1999), Ahmed (2001), (2006), Akhtar El-Gamal (1996, 1998), Dhumale and Sapcanin (1998), and others, believe in the great potential of Islamic banking system to involve in microfinance programmes to cater for the needs of the poor people who usually fall outside the formal banking services. (Akhtar, 1996, 1998; Hassan and Alamgir, 2002 Al-Harran, 1995, 1996, 1999; Al- Harran, 1990; Al-ZamZami and Grace, 2000; Dhumale and Sapcanin, 1998;)believe that Islamic banking can apply diverse financial tools and instruments together with other available mechanisms such as charity, waqaf and zakat, which are can be in tegrated and applied into microfinance programmes to promote entrepreneurship amongst poor people and subsequently help in poverty alleviation. Asyraf wajdi, (2008) highlighted the relevance of microfinance as a globally accepted practice to Islamic banks. The Islamic banking system has an in-built dimension that encourages financial services and activities to the poor people, as it resides within a financial channel strengthened by the forces of Shariah injunctions. These Shariah injunctions combine Islamic financial services with genuine concern for alleviation and eradication of the poverty, equal distribution of wealth and social justice at the same time as prohibiting involvement in non-shariah compliant and illegal activities, which are detrimental to social and environmental well-being. Shahinpoor (2008) has described that the principles and practices of Islamic banking and microfinancing, and also demonstrated an important link between the two systems. Both microfinanc e and Islamic banking institutions are based on the belief that everyone in the community is entitled to economic justice. Both believe in interest and collateral-free loans and believe that everyone, including the poor, are creditworthy and should be given the chance to participate in domestic economic activities. Beside that he also demonstrated that the gap and differences between the current practices of Islamic banking and microfinance could be eliminated. The practices from each could be combined properly. Essentially, that is, Islamic banking practices should be combined with interest free microfinance. Chapter 3 Methodology This study applies qualitative methods as its study approach. The methodology will be used in this study is first to describe the basic principles and instruments of Islamic banking and microfinance as well as two survey will be conducted one for Islamic banks and microfinance institutions officials so to test their level of understanding and applying of Islamic principles as micro finance instruments and the other one for micro finance participants of Islamic banks and micro finance to test their level satisfaction on services provided by both practices and later to show the link between the two financial practices. In general, it is known that the two practices are not suitable since microfinance practice allows interest on loans and Islamic banking prohibits interest payment based on Islamic law. Both practices, however, promote fairness, equality and justice for all people of the society and encourage entrepreneurship by giving free-collateral- loans to the poor people. The two practices, therefore, are theoretically and ideologically can be linked. This study presents that they are also can be practically linked. Methods and principles of Islamic banking and finance The Islamic alternative to interest free loans and financing is profit-loss sharing principles (PLS).In other words, participants of financial markets should share in profits and risks of loss. Islam considers profit-loss sharing, rather than interest, to be closer to its sense of ethics, social justice, fairness and equity. Both parties, the lender and the Brower share the risk of the investment as well as the profit from it. Profit and loss sharing of the investment addresses the asymmetric information problems that exist in the conventional banking and financing system. There are basically two risk-sharing principles practiced by Islam banking. Both principles are based on one objective: the sharing of profits through joint participation. These two practices and principles are called Mudarabah and Musharakah. between these two, Mudarabah is the most commonly applied risk-sharing method used by Islamic banking and finance (Lewis and Algaoud, 2001). A Mudarabah can be defined a s a contract between two parties whereby one party provides the capital and another party provides the entrepreneurial abilities. In Mudaraba, the financier or the capital provider does not participate in the management of the business as well as collateral should not be required from entrepreneur. However, the lender is entitled to a percentage of the profit or loss that resulted from the business. Profit has to be shared in a percentage basis and not base on a lump-sum amount and there is no guaranteed rate of return and the percentage must be mentioned prior to execution of the contract . In addition, the lender is not liable for losses beyond the fund that contributed to the business. In the other hand, the entrepreneur is not liable for losses beyond loss of time and effort used in running the business unless it is proven that the loss is a result of herhis mismanagement. Another profit and loss-sharing principle used in Islamic banking and finance is called Musharakah or pa rtnership. Under Musharakah agreement, the entrepreneur and the capital provider jointly contribute to the capital according to pre-determined proportion. The two participants are partners in case of profit or loss. Mudarabah and Musharakah are considered as a two pillars or a cornerstone of Islamic banking and finance according to Ariff (1982). In both practice, the risk is shared by both parties of the transaction and they have to obey all Islamic rules and restrictions. moreover both parties involved in the transaction, could not invest or engage in any business that is contradict with the Islamic ethical standards and values. However, there are, alternative methods to Mudarabah and Musharakah. These methods are less risky and are applied by Islamic banks if the profit-loss sharing principles could not be used. While there are so many alternative methods applied by Islamic banks and capital providers, I only discuss in this paper three of them that I believe are related to this study. Among these methods is Murabaha, or cost plus profit margin another one is called Qard al-hasaneh, or benevolence loans which is free interest loans and the third one is Ijara, or leasing contract. Murabaha does not fall under a profit-loss sharing principle. Instead, it is based on cost plus profit margin. As such, the bank or the facilitator posses the product on behalf of the customer and then adds a percentage to the cost and facilitates it to the customer. The customer then promises to pay it back in a pre-specified date or base on installments. In Murabaha, the bank or the facilitator behave like an intermediary between buyer and seller and does not share in profits or losses. The risk therefore, is much lower under Murabaha method if compared to the Mudarabah or Musharakah methods. Initially , the profit margin might pretend like another form of interest charged by the bank but in another name. Her up to this point we may arise a question like, If interes t is not allowed in Islamic banking, then how Murabaha could be justified? The answer for this critical question could be as follow Murabaha is justified in islam because in a Murabaha transaction, a good is bought and sold by the bank for profit and the transaction is not burley exchange of money. In this transaction the bank is taking a risk by buying the commodity. The transaction is not complete unless the customer buys the commodity from the bank and the customer may change his/her mind and reject to buy the product. This makes Murabaha perfectly legitimate according to the Islamic law (Wilson, 1990). There is only one form of Islamic loan called Qard al-hasan, is interest free loan that the Quran encourages Muslims to make to people who need them (Ahmad et al., 1983). As such, the bank is allowed to charge a service charge for facility of the loan. The bank or the financier of the Qard al-hasan not only provides financial support to the borrower but also provides moral supp ort. These kind of loans are often given to charitable institutions or people with sudden need for funds (death, natural disaster and etc.). Ijara or leasing principle is when the bank purchases the product and leases it to the client for a certain number of period. The lease arrangements, their terms and conditions, are agreed by both parties pre-execution of the contract . In some Ijara contracts, the client has an option to buy the commodity from the bank. In this case, the lease payments could use to the purchase of the product (Lewis and Algaoud, 2001). Research Hypothesis In order to examine the viability of Islamic banking principles to provide microfinance as well as the link between Islamic banking and microfinance the following hypotheses set so that it can be tested in this research. Islamic banking rules allow microfinance institutions to provide free-interest loans to the poor. Islamic banking rules allow microfinance institutions to provide free-collateral loans to the poor. Islamic banking rules allow the microfinance institutions and borrowers to agree on a certain percentage of profit per period before the loan is finalized.

Obesity And Overweight Is The Accumulation Of Excessive...

What is obesity? Obesity or overweight is the accumulation of excessive body fat that poses a potential health risk to an individual. It is measured by the body mass index (BMI). The weight (kilograms) of the person is divided by his or her height squared (meters). A BMI greater than or equal to 30 is considered obese and a BMI greater than or equal to 25, but less than 30 is considered overweight (WHO, 2014). People who are obese or overweight are highly at risk for many chronic illnesses, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Health risks increase when the BMI exceeds 23 (Wang, 2014). Obesity was once considered a major problem in only high income countries. However, it has become a significant issue in both low and middle income countries as well (WHO, 2014). According to a study published in The Lancet, the top 10 obese countries in 2013 are the United States, China, India, Russia, Brazil, Mexico, Egypt, Germany, Pakistan, and Indonesia (U.S. News World Report, 2014). More than 50% of the 671 million obese people around the world live in these 10 countries. China and India alone represent 15% of the obese population in the world. The number of people who are obese and overweight has increased from 857 million to 2.1 billion in 1980 to 2013. That’s more than a 145% increase (Khan, 2014). About 62 million people in China are obese. Particularly, there is an increase in obesity among the youth (Wang, 2014). A study conducted by the University ofShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity : A Condition That Affects Children3024 Words   |  13 PagesChildhood obesity is a condition that affects children in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) the rates of obesity in children have more than doubled in children in the past 30 years. There was increase of 18% from 1980 to 2012 in children 6 to 11 years of age, estimating that more than one third of children are overweight or obese. (Childhood Obesi ty Facts, 2014) Obesity usually begins in children during the ages of 5 and 6. The most troublesomeRead MoreObesity Stigma As An Outdoor Leisure Constraint2785 Words   |  12 Pages The Cellulife Obesity Stigma as an Outdoor Leisure Constraint Hannah Davis Instructor: Kent Clement Fall Semester, 2014 â€Æ' In the United States, the epidemic of obesity and overweight is plaguing the nation. Millions are experiencing the negative physiological and psychological effects of obesity. This problem can be solved in part through outdoor recreation, due to the physical benefits adventure sports provide and the psychological benefits of being outdoors. Unfortunately, there is a strongRead MoreObesity : Declining Human Heath2562 Words   |  11 Pages A Novel Solution to Obesity: A Research Paper Karen Moses York University Obesity: Declining human Heath Abstract Obesity is a global public health problem that has become an epidemic. Poor financial status and inequality lead to lack of access to healthy foods and the genetic modification of food increases the chances and risks of becoming obese. Major dietary changes in this system include a higher energy density diet with greater roles for high-calorie artificialRead MoreStudy Of Patterns And Distribution Of Health3409 Words   |  14 Pagesthe study of patterns and distribution of health characterizes and health events, along with why they happen and how they influence certain populations. It is essential to providing evidence-based medicine, and valuable health policies, by identifying the risk for diseases. The progression of epidemiology is extensive however, the validity and accuracy of the diagnosis’s and treatment is predicated on attention to detail. Epidemiology is a community health, problem-solving process used in healthcareRead MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 Pagesirreparable harm 4 Any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable 5 Camping is the ideal way of spending a holiday 6 New fashions in clothing are created solely for the commercial exploitation of women 7 We should all grow fat and be happy 8 The younger generation knows best 9 Only strieter traffic laws can prevent accidents 10 Parents are too permissive with their children nowadays II 12 Advertisers perform a useful service to the community Pop stars certainlyRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesin a Global Environment 48 HR and Corporate Ethics Summary 50 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 51 Key Terms 51 52 HRM Workshop 49 Guarding Against Discrimination Practices 65 DID YOU KNOW?: Is a Problem Brewing? 66 Determining Potential Discriminatory Practices 66 The 4/5ths Rule 66 Restricted Policy 66 Geographical Comparisons 67 McDonnell-Douglas Test 67 Responding to an EEO Charge 67 Business Necessity 68 Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications 68 Seniority Systems 68 Selected

What Is Software Engineering

Software engineers and computer programmers both develop software applications needed by working computers. The difference between the two positions lies in the responsibilities and the approach to the job. Software engineers use well-defined scientific principles and procedures to deliver an efficient and reliable software product. Software Engineering   Software engineering treats the approach to developing software as a formal process  much like that found in traditional engineering.  Software engineers begin by analyzing user needs. They design software, deploy, test it for quality and maintain it. They instruct computer programmers how to write the code they need. Software engineers may or may not write any of the code themselves, but they need strong programming skills to communicate with the programmers and are frequently fluent in several programming languages. Software engineers design and develop computer games, business applications, network control systems, and software operating systems. They are experts in the theory of computing software and the limitations of the hardware they design for.   Computer-Aided Software Engineering The whole software design process has to be formally managed long before the first line of code is written. Software engineers produce lengthy design documents using computer-aided software engineering tools. The software engineer then converts the design documents into design specification documents, which are used to design code. The process is organized and efficient. There is no off-the-cuff programming going on. Paperwork One distinguishing feature of software engineering is the paper trail that it produces. Designs are signed off by managers and technical authorities, and the role of quality assurance is to check the paper trail. Many software engineers admit that their job is 70% paperwork and 30% code. Its a costly but responsible way to write software, which is one reason why avionics in modern aircraft are so expensive. Software Engineering Challenges Manufacturers cannot build complex life-critical systems like aircraft, nuclear reactor controls, and medical systems and expect the software to be thrown together. They require the whole process to be thoroughly managed by software engineers  so that budgets can be estimated, staff recruited and the risk of failure or expensive mistakes minimized. In safety-critical areas such as aviation, space, nuclear power plants, medicine, fire detection systems, and roller coaster rides, the cost of software failure can be enormous because lives are at risk. The ability of the software engineer to anticipate problems and eliminate them before they happen is critical. Certification and Education In some parts of the world and in most U.S. states, you cannot call yourself a software engineer without formal education  or certification. Several of the large software companies, including as Microsoft, Oracle and Red Hat offer courses toward certifications. Many colleges and universities offer degrees  in software engineering. Aspiring software engineers may major in computer science, software engineering, mathematics or computer information systems. Computer Programmers Programmers write code to the specifications given to them by software engineers. They are experts in the major computer programming languages. Although they arent usually involved in the early design stages, they may be involved in testing, modifying, updating and repairing the code. They write code in one or more of the in-demand programming languages, including: SQLJavaScriptJavaC#PythonPHPRuby on RailsSwiftObjective-CPHP Engineers vs. Programmers Software engineering is a team activity.  Programming is primarily a solitary activity.  A software engineer is involved in the complete process.  Programming is one aspect of software development.  A software engineer works on components with other engineers to build a system.  A programmer writes a complete program.

High School Vs. College - 848 Words

The purpose of college is to prepare a young adult for the real world and to give them the knowledge they need to succeed in their future career. High school, however, is simply a transition period. It is in high school that students learn what it is they like to do and what career will be a good fit for them. High school prepares teenagers for college, but college prepares young adults for the real world. Although both high school and college are competitive environments which education is the main priority, the college environment will better prepare students for the real world because of the differences in rigor of the curriculum and the differences in the level of responsibility. In both high school and college, getting an education is the main priority. Although there are extracurricular activities such as clubs or sports, a certain grade point average is required in order to participate. This ensures that students are able to focus on their academics without being too dis tracted by extracurricular activities. In addition to being aware of their own grade point average for extracurricular activities, students must be aware of their grade point average to be able to take the next step in their educational or vocational path. A high school student’s goal is to make good enough grades to get into their college of choice; however, a college student’s goal is to get good enough grades to either get into a graduate program or to look good when they are applying to aShow MoreRelatedCollege Vs. High School858 Words   |  4 PagesCollege Vs. High School Some may think that high school and college reading and writing are similar and that it’s just the next level up but it s not, they differentiate in many ways. College reading and writing is more than that, it’s a completely different world when compared to high school. It’s much more advanced and complexed. Some ideas that can be compared are the way we annotate, understand text, assignment topics, the depth of research, and so on. This is important to understanding howRead MoreHigh School Vs. College873 Words   |  4 PagesHigh School Vs. College The transition from high school to college is not only an exciting challenge, but also a great milestone in one’s life. High school and college both share the common goal of expanding students’ knowledge; however, there are many differences between high school and college. They are similar in such ways that you still have to go to class, do class work, take test, and study hard. They differ because in college one is taking on an entire new load of responsibility and optionsRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1149 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Grunow Writing 1010 October 26, 2015 High School vs. College Graduating from high school is what every student is looking forward to. However, going to college is a big accomplishment for all students. The first day of freshman high school and college feels the same, the excitement and pressured. As many students experienced, both high school and college could be compared their similarities. First, both students in college and high school are expected to behave in well mannered, attendRead MoreCollege Vs. High School938 Words   |  4 PagesWelcome to college! Congratulations on making it this far! Now the time comes to ramp up the ante! No such program as stepping up to college exists as it does for for high school. Oh wait! It’s called high school. Move it or lose it now, your future rests on your shoulders. High school teachers just handed you your future based on the way you schooled, and college professors tell you to figure it out. College trips up hundreds of students a year, refrain from letting yourself become one ofRe ad MoreHigh School Vs. College1217 Words   |  5 PagesHigh School vs. College In the America, children begin school around the age of six. Once a student enters elementary school, most stay there for five to six years before they go on to secondary school, which involves middle school and high school. After graduating high school some students go on to pursue a â€Å"higher education† through college, but any further schooling after high school is no longer mandatory. In the professional world it is becoming harder and harder for high school students toRead MoreHigh School Vs. College923 Words   |  4 PagesEng. 110-48 31 August 2015 High School Vs. College High school and college are both higher education institutions that enlighten students; however, there are many differences between the two that make them both unique. In high school, the goal is to gain a broad understanding of numerous subjects so that when they arrive to college, they have an understanding of their interests, goals, dreams, and what it takes to pursue their potential career. High school works as a place for students toRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1236 Words   |  5 Pages201    High school vs. College Having a great education is the best legacy in life. It is a proven fact. This accomplishment requires moving on from high school, as well as from college. Moving from high school to college might be an energizing change, yet it is additionally an exceptionally troublesome one. It is a test that the understudy will battle with and in the end change in accordance with after some time. Despite the fact that there are numerous contrasts between high school and college, oneRead MoreHigh School Vs. College965 Words   |  4 PagesHigh School vs. College In the American schooling system, children begin primary school around the age of six, this is called elementary school and most students stay there for five to six years before they go on to secondary school which involves middle school and high school. 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The most important of those schools are high schools and colleges because they have the most impact on deciding what occupation a student wants to pursue. Although high schools and colleges share similarities in providing education, there are also many differences between each other. In both high schools and colleges there are teachers that educate students on certain subjects. Those subjects can range from mathematics

Democracy Requires Participation Essay - 1021 Words

An intrinsic element in the success of a democratic society is the willingness of the people to be self-governing. In modern America, to say that we have a government that is for, by, and of the people does not mean that each citizen is autocratic and simply takes the law into his or her own hands, but rather that each citizen has the responsibility to actively participate in this large-scale experiment known as American Democracy. Therefore, the problem of declining voter participation is a serious one indeed. Several reasons for this enigmatic conundrum of voter apathy have become apparent in recent years. In many presidential elections, numerous Americans have found themselves compromising their views and voting not for the†¦show more content†¦nbsp; The Electoral College is an institution of the Federal Government that has outlived its usefulness and should be abolished in order to promote democracy in the United States. At its conception, the Electoral College was considered necessary because it emphasized the rights of individual states and made the process of counting ballots less onerous. In a true federal system, the electorate should vote in national elections as citizens of the nation, as opposed to citizens of their respective states. nbsp; However, the winner-take-all system of the Electoral College that we currently use is not only non-federal, it is undemocratic as well. Since the popular vote is counted in each state individually, and the winner of each state receives all of that states votes, it is theoretically possible for a candidate with a greater percentage of the popular vote to lose the election. The Electoral College effectively renders the votes of the state minority meaningless because the majority receives all of the Electoral College votes, as if the vote was unanimous in favor of one candidate. This is clearly not democratic. If the Electoral College were to be abolished, then all national elections could be based upon the popular vote of the national electorate; a true representation of the views of the nation. nbsp; Our current system of voter registrationShow MoreRelatedIs Electoral Participation Necessary For Political Participation?1538 Words   |  7 PagesDemocracy is the rule of the people, therefore, for it to be at its full potential, citizens must participate in the decision-making process. However, for a large part of the public, political participation does not go beyond electoral participation. Nonetheless, even the most common form of political engagement, namely voting, is in decline (Whiteley, 2012, pp.37-38). Although electoral participation is not the ultimate measure of political participation, it is one of the most significant and easiestRead MoreU.S. Voter Participation Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesU.S. Voter Participation In a pluralist country such as America, there are numerous opinions over what societys goals should be, and the best method of achieving them. In theory, every American citizen has an equal say in the political affairs of this county. By participating in politics, people air their voices and thereby contribute to nation through representatives, hence the term representative democracy. 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In his end of history theory, he maintained that the western liberal democracy had become the `final form of human government. The fact is that though not all theorists have this kind of a faith in liberal democracy, and believe that its not the only feasible form of democracy, they areRead MoreCollaborative Governance, Citizen Participation, And Decision Making Essay1557 Words   |  7 Pages1998). They can use various processes to ensure a democratic government including collaborative governance, decision making, citizen participation, administrative reforms, and budgeting. This paper seeks to discuss and analyze the efforts that the public organizations and the public administrators can make with regards to collaborative governance, citizen participation, and decision making to maintain a democratic government . 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As Peter Dahlgren mentions, democracy is for and about its citizens, and therefore a certain degree of civic involvement is a necessary and sufficient condition for its prosperity (2009, 14p) If the lower level of participation in democracy continues, the word democracy, originated from demos (the people) in Greek, should be changed to elite-carcy or pauci-cracy. In order to retain a higher level of participation in democracy, some Haberm asian scholarsRead MoreDemocracy in Pakistan1572 Words   |  7 PagesDEMOCRACY IN PAKISTAN OUTLINES 1. Introduction 2. What is democracy? 3. Nature of democracy. 4. Beginning of democracy 5. Democracy since creation 6. Causes of failure of democracy 7. Impacts of democracy 8. Measures for the survival of democracy 9. Conclusion â€Å"The essence of democracy is its assurance that people should so respect himself and should be so respected in his own personality that he should have opportunity equal to that of every other human being to show what he was meant to becomeRead MoreAlthough there are advantages and disadvantages to both a representative government and1300 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough there are advantages and disadvantages to both a representative government and deliberative democracy the benefits are largely dependant on the context of policy making and whose interests are being considered. A representative democracy is one that is currently in place across Australia and, for the most part, the rest of the world whereby a group of representatives deliberate without unequal distributions to power on behalf of the nations citizens by denoting their beliefs, attitudes andRead MoreEssay Analysis Of Democracy As A Universal Value By Amartya Sen1513 Words   |  7 PagesIn his article, Democracy as a Universal Value, Amartya Sen asserts that democracy is a universal value. In order to develop his argument Sen needs to state his definition of democracy and define what he means by universal value. In the course of Sens argument he gives his view of the relationship between democracy and the economy. He then defends his view of democracy as a universal value against a main argument that deals with cultural differences between regions. Amartya Sen uses a maximum

The Most Common Form Of Dementia - 1020 Words

The second most common form of dementia is vascular dementia, which happens when there is a blockage in the blood vessels that is in the vast system of the arteries that feeds the brain. Vascular dementia is known to affect the thinking process and older people are generally more prone to developing this disorder. Vascular Dementia, also known as multi-infarct dementia, occurs when cells in the brain are deprived of oxygen. Mini-strokes, also known as silent strokes, are the cause of partial blockage of the blood vessels. The people that suffer from strokes have a 30% chance of getting dementia within three months of their stroke (Kumral and Ãâ€"zgà ¶ren, 2017). The vascular system oversees the blood vessels and provides the brain with oxygen.†¦show more content†¦Which older people are more prone to blockage of these arteries Correspondingly, there are two pathways that transports blood to the brain called internal carotid artery and vertebral artery. The internal carotid artery has three layers call the tunica adventitia, tunica media, and tunica intima. Tunica intima is made up of smooth muscle cells and elastin. The basilar artery forms and it branches out to the posterior cerebral arteries. The posterior cerebral arteries form the internal carotid arteries and when they connect they make cerebral arterial circle ( circle of willis). The middle cerebral arteries branch out two separate arteries called the anterior cerebral arteries. Each of these arteries are the force that direct the blood flow to the brain. There are three tiny vascular systems that work together to profuse the deep brain. Which are the pial, subependymal, and lenticulostriate arteries. The small area of white matter that depends on blood flow is called the subcortical â€Å"shed water† area. The subcortical is more prone than other areas of the brain to have ischemia. The leading cause of ischemia is the fibrin builds up and this cause a narrowing of the lumen. Which does not allow the flow of red blood cells and deprives the white matter of tissue of oxygen. The tissue then losses density and produces white matter lesions. The neurons become demyelinated which leads to loss of cognitive ability. Furthermore, the symptoms displayed by vascular dementia willShow MoreRelatedDementi The Most Common Form Of Progressive Dementia1352 Words   |  6 Pages Dementia is a chronic disorder associated with a decline in cognitive functioning typically characterized by memory impairment, increased communication and language difficulty and decreased motor activity that interferes with activities of daily living. Patients with dementia may also experience agitation, hallucinations, paranoia and difficultly with complex tasks. People with a family history of dementia and older adults are more prone to dementia. Dementia can be reversible or progressive dependingRead MoreAlzheimer s Is The Most Common Form Of Dementia948 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia. â€Å"Dementia is a general term that describes a group of symptoms-such as loss of memory, judgment, language, complex motor skills, and other intellectual function-caused by the permanent damage or death of the brain s nerve cells, or neurons.† Alzheimer’s is not a part of aging even though increasing age is a risk factor but Alzheimer ’s occurs in people 65 and older. Alzheimer’s worsens over time. In the early stages memory is lost and then graduallyRead MoreAlzheimer Disease : The Most Common Form Of Dementia1080 Words   |  5 PagesSally Enoh Anthony Lang Biology 1A Lab October 15, 2015 Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease, the most common form of dementia (to a group of symptoms affecting the brain), is a neurological disorder affecting an individual’s memory, thinking skills, and ability to conduct simply everyday tasks. Alzheimer Disease is irreversible, and no cure has been established. Dr. Alois Alzheimer-the individual in which the disease is named after-detected Alzheimer in 1906 from a woman with abnormal clumps andRead MoreAlzheimer’s Disease is the Most Common form of Dementia3129 Words   |  12 Pages(AD)?† Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia that affects an individual’s memory, cognition, and behavior disturbances that ultimately diminishes their quality of life.1-2 Dementia is not a specific disease it is a general term for a variety of symptoms that affect memory and intellectual thinking that causes difficulty in our tasks of daily living.(5) The confusion between these two terms is extraordinary. It’s he lpful to think of dementia as the symptom and to think of AD asRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Common Form Of Dementia1427 Words   |  6 PagesDementia, known as one of the world s current pandemics, is estimated to be the fourth most common cause of death in the developed country, second only to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. With the aging population, dementia has gradually become a serious threat to the health of the elderly people in Australia. Alzheimer s disease is the most common form of dementia. Alzheimer s disease usually occurs in a primary degenerative encephalopathy in senile and pre senior periodRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease Is The Most Common Form Of Dementia1086 Words   |  5 PagesDo you know what alzheimer’s disease is? Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. 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Early signs of Alzheime r’s start as early as the age of 30 and can affect someone for the rest of their life. These diseases have become more reoccurring every year, effecting around 5.3 million Americans and will continue to change lives for the rest of time (BenderRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Common Form Of Dementia Essay1909 Words   |  8 PagesAlzheimer’s disease, considered the most common form of dementia, is a degenerative brain disorder which leads to loss of memory and decline of cognitive thinking. Alzheimer’s disease effects over 5 million Americans, a number which is expected to triple in the projected future, and is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States (Dougherty, R.J., et al). Majority of these affected people are sixty-five years of age or older and have what is called late-onset Alzheimer’s, whilst a smaller